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The present study aimed to investigate protective effects of mogroside IIIE (MGIIIE, a cucurbitane\u2010type triterpenoid from <jats:italic>Siraitia grosvenorii<\/jats:italic> Fruits) in experimental ALI and its underlying mechanism. MGIIIE (1, 10 0r 20\u00a0mg\/kg) was orally administered for 1\u00a0h before a single intratracheal administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 5\u00a0mg\/kg). MGIIIE treatment dose\u2010dependently suppressed pulmonary oedema, pro\u2010inflammatory mediators (IL\u20101\u03b2, IL\u20106, TNF\u2010\u03b1 and HMGB1) release and higher MPO activity in lung tissues induced by LPS challenge. Molecular researches showed that mogroside IIIE (20\u00a0mg\/kg) not only increased the phosphorylation of adenosine 5\u2032\u2010monophosphate\u2010activated protein kinase (AMPK) but suppressed the over\u2010expression of toll\u2010like receptor 4 (TLR4) and myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88). In addition, MGIIIE also inhibited the activation of MAPKs and nuclear factor \u03baB (NF\u2010\u03baB) signalling in lung tissues from LPS\u2010challenged mice. Similar antiinflammatory effects of MGIIIE were obtained in LPS\u2010treated macrophages. Compound C (a pharmacological AMPK inhibitor) obviously reversed the antiinflammatory effect of MGIIIE in LPS\u2010induced ALI mice. Taken together, AMPK activation plays a crucial role in the antiinflammatory effects of MGIIIE in LPS\u2010induced ALI by down\u2010regulating TLR4\/MAPK\/NF\u2010\u03baB signalling pathways. Copyright \u00a9 2017 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.5833","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,17]],"date-time":"2017-05-17T06:18:44Z","timestamp":1495001924000},"page":"1097-1106","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Mogroside IIIE Attenuates LPS\u2010Induced Acute Lung Injury in Mice Partly Through Regulation of the TLR4\/MAPK\/NF\u2010\u03baB Axis via AMPK Activation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Lijun","family":"Tao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department of Pharmacognosy China Pharmaceutical University  Nanjing 211198 People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fengyan","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department of Pharmacognosy China Pharmaceutical University  Nanjing 211198 People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gonghao","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department of Pharmacognosy China Pharmaceutical University  Nanjing 211198 People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haifeng","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chengdu Biopurity Chengdu Biopurity Phytochemicals Ltd  Chengdu 611131 People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1504-305X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department of Pharmacognosy China Pharmaceutical University  Nanjing 211198 People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaofeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department of Pharmacognosy China Pharmaceutical University  Nanjing 211198 People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2016.08.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2011.08.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000430403"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","first-page":"212","volume-title":"Pharmacopoeia of P.R. 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