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However, its efficacy and safety in treatment of chronic kidney disease need to be further explored in order to promote its application in clinics. This review compared the efficacy and safety of TwHF with the placebo, conventional Western medicine and other immunosuppressive medicine in a range of kidney disorders. One hundred three randomized controlled trials were included. TwHF therapy decreased 24\u2010hr proteinuria by 0.59\u00a0g\/day (95% confidence interval [CI; \u22120.68, \u22120.50]), serum creatinine level by 1.93\u00a0\u03bcmol\/L (95% CI [\u22123.69, \u22120.17]), and blood urea nitrogen level by 0.24\u00a0mmol\/L (95% CI [\u22120.41, \u22120.07]); increased the total effective rate by 27% (95% CI [1.24, 1.30]); and decreased the incidence of adverse reactions by 19% (95% CI [0.68, 0.96]) overall. Meta regression results showed that the duration of therapy and mean age of participants were the major sources of high heterogeneity. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated that our statistic results were relatively stable and credible. The present findings suggested that TwHF possibly has nephroprotective effects by decreasing proteinuria, serum creatinine level, and blood urea nitrogen level and no more adverse reactions compared with control group in most kidney disorders. However, these findings still need to be further confirmed by high\u2010quality trials.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.5987","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,29]],"date-time":"2017-11-29T15:34:15Z","timestamp":1511969655000},"page":"436-451","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Efficacy and safety of <scp><i>Tripterygium wilfordii<\/i> Hook F<\/scp> for <scp>CKD<\/scp> in <scp>Mainland China<\/scp>: A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6806-9325","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Duo","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences Hebei Normal University  Shijiazhuang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao\u2010Han","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University  Shijiazhuang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Information Technology Department Hebei Youth Administrative Cadres College  Shijiazhuang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tian\u2010Tian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences Hebei Normal University  Shijiazhuang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences Hebei Normal University  Shijiazhuang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong\u2010Hong","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences Hebei Normal University  Shijiazhuang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.3347"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"569","article-title":"Expression of nephrin, podocin and a\u2010actinine\u20104 in renal tissue of patients with proteinuria","volume":"29","author":"Arias L. 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