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Briefly, cannabis extract, \u0394<jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>\u2010tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol (in very low dosages) were shown to promote glucose uptake higher or to equivalent levels, reduce fat accumulation, and reverse the insulin\u2010resistant state of 3T3\u2010L1 cells more effectively, relative to rosiglitazone and metformin. The phytocannabinoids had a more pronounced effect in preadipocytes undifferentiated model rather than the differentiated model. They induced a protective effect at the mitochondrial level by preventing overactivity of the succinate dehydrogenase pathway (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.01), unlike rosiglitazone, through activation of the glycerol\u20103\u2010phosphate dehydrogenase shuttling system. An increase in oxygen consumption and an increased expression of beta to alpha adrenoceptors (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.05) in treated cells were noted. These findings contribute toward understanding the mechanism of action of phytocannabinoids in fat cells and highlight the antidiabetic and anti\u2010obesity properties of various phytocannabinoids that could potentially support the treatment of obesity\u2010related insulin resistance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.6047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,21]],"date-time":"2018-02-21T20:29:59Z","timestamp":1519244999000},"page":"1080-1089","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Time\u2010dependent effect of phytocannabinoid treatments in fat cells"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Ramlugon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University  PO Box 77000 6031 Port Elizabeth South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.\u2010A.","family":"Levendal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University  PO Box 77000 6031 Port Elizabeth South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0285-2568","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C.L.","family":"Frost","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University  PO Box 77000 6031 Port Elizabeth South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","volume-title":"Methods of enzymatic analysis","author":"Bergmeyer H.\u2010U.","year":"2012"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"222","article-title":"Mitochondrial free radical generation, oxidative stress, and aging","volume":"29","author":"Cadenas E.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Free Radical Biology and Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-2918(96)80017-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","volume-title":"Cell biology, four\u2010volume set: A laboratory handbook","author":"Celis J. 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