{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T10:53:53Z","timestamp":1791975233567,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":139,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,9]],"date-time":"2018-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1525824000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Phytotherapy Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Carvacrol (CV) is a phenolic monoterpenoid found in essential oils of oregano (\n                    <jats:italic>Origanum vulgare<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), thyme (\n                    <jats:italic>Thymus vulgaris<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), pepperwort (\n                    <jats:italic>Lepidium flavum<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), wild bergamot (\n                    <jats:italic>Citrus aurantium bergamia<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), and other plants. Carvacrol possesses a wide range of bioactivities putatively useful for clinical applications such antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. Carvacrol antimicrobial activity is higher than that of other volatile compounds present in essential oils due to the presence of the free hydroxyl group, hydrophobicity, and the phenol moiety. The present review illustrates the state\u2010of\u2010the\u2010art studies on the antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer properties of CV. It is particularly effective against food\u2010borne pathogens, including\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>Bacillus cereus<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Carvacrol has high antioxidant activity and has been successfully used, mainly associated with thymol, as dietary phytoadditive to improve animal antioxidant status. The anticancer properties of CV have been reported in preclinical models of breast, liver, and lung carcinomas, acting on proapoptotic processes. Besides the interesting properties of CV and the toxicological profile becoming definite, to date, human trials on CV are still lacking, and this largely impedes any conclusions of clinical relevance.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.6103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,10]],"date-time":"2018-05-10T00:59:25Z","timestamp":1525913965000},"page":"1675-1687","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":532,"title":["Carvacrol and human health: A comprehensive review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8213-9097","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehdi","family":"Sharifi\u2010Rad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Parasitology Zabol University of Medical Sciences  Zabol 61663\u2010335 Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7287-2188","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena Maria","family":"Varoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences Milan State University  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5063-1236","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcello","family":"Iriti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Milan State University  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3183-7623","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miquel","family":"Martorell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Pharmacy University of Concepcion  Concepcion Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3639-0528","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William N.","family":"Setzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry University of Alabama in Huntsville  Huntsville AL 35899 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3407-0088","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"del Mar Contreras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences University of Granada  Avda. 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