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Considering the yeast\u2010to\u2010hyphae switch is a critical factor to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> virulence, phenols common in plant sources have been reported to demonstrating their ability to prevent dimorphism. Therefore, phenols present in many agricultural waste stress (ferulic (FA) and gallic (GA) acid) were initially screened in isolation for their yeast\u2010to\u2010hyphae inhibitory properties at times 3, 6, and 24\u00a0hr. Both FA and GA inhibited 50% of hyphae formation inhibitory concentration (IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>) but at a concentration of 8.0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.09 and 90.6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.05\u00a0mM, respectively, at 24\u00a0hr. However, the inhibitory effect of FA increased by 1.9\u20132.6 fold when combined with different GA concentrations. GA and FA values decreased even lower when sinapic acid (SA) was added as a third component. As evidenced by concave isobolograms and combination indexes less than 1, both GA:F A and GA:FA:SA combinations acted synergistically to inhibit 50% hyphae formation at 24\u00a0hr. Lastly, acetylation of histone H3 lysine 56 acetylation (H3K56) was higher in response to the triple phenolic cocktail (using the IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> 24\u00a0hr inhibitory concentration level) comparable with the nontreated samples, indicating that the phenols inhibited hyphal growth in part by targeting H3K56 acetylation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.6222","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,30]],"date-time":"2018-10-30T09:57:06Z","timestamp":1540893426000},"page":"319-326","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Histone acetylation increases in response to ferulic, gallic, and sinapic acids acting synergistically in vitro to inhibit <scp><i>Candida albicans<\/i><\/scp> yeast\u2010to\u2010hyphae transition"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0148-8186","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristiane Rodrigues S.","family":"C\u00e2mara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Technology University of Nebraska\u2013Lincoln  Lincoln Nebraska USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qinyin","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Technology University of Nebraska\u2013Lincoln  Lincoln Nebraska USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Pedersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agronomy and Horticulture University of Nebraska\u2013Lincoln  Lincoln Nebraska USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Zbasnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Technology University of Nebraska\u2013Lincoln  Lincoln Nebraska USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenneth W.","family":"Nickerson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences University of Nebraska\u2013Lincoln  Lincoln Nebraska USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vicki","family":"Schlegel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Technology University of Nebraska\u2013Lincoln  Lincoln Nebraska USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb.13.147"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1009845107"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(76)90527-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-842X(99)01556-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb.14.17"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","unstructured":"CDC.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.2013.Antibiotic resistance threats in the United States 2013. 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