{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T17:19:37Z","timestamp":1788887977269,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,27]],"date-time":"2018-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1543276800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004748","name":"Mashhad University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004748","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Phytotherapy Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Radiation\u2010induced dermatitis is one of the most common side effects of radiotherapy. Silymarin, a flavonoid extracted from the\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Silybum marianum<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    , exhibits antioxidant and anti\u2010inflammatory activities. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of silymarin gel in prevention of radiodermatitis in patients with breast cancer. During this randomized, double\u2010blinded, placebo\u2010controlled clinical trial, the preventive effect of silymarin 1% gel was assessed in comparison with placebo, on radiodermatitis occurrence. Forty patients randomly received silymarin gel or placebo formulation on chest wall skin following modified radical mastectomy, once daily starting at the first day of radiotherapy for 5\u00a0weeks. Radiodermatitis severity was assessed weekly based on Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) and National Cancer Institute Common Terminology for Adverse Events (NCI\u2010CTCAE) criteria radiodermatits grading scale for 5\u00a0weeks. The median NCI\u2010CTCAE and RTOG scores were significantly lower in silymarin group at the end of the third to fifth weeks (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    value\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). The scores increased significantly in both placebo and silymarin groups during radiotherapy, but there was a delay in radiodermatitis development and progression in silymarin group. Prophylactic administration of silymarin gel could significantly reduce the severity of radiodermatitis and delay its occurrence after 5\u00a0weeks of application.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.6231","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,27]],"date-time":"2018-11-27T03:15:54Z","timestamp":1543288554000},"page":"379-386","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":75,"title":["Topical silymarin administration for prevention of acute radiodermatitis in breast cancer patients: A randomized, double\u2010blind, placebo\u2010controlled clinical trial"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Hedyieh","family":"Karbasforooshan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy Mashhad University of Medical Sciences  Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sare","family":"Hosseini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Research Center Mashhad University of Medical Sciences  Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sepideh","family":"Elyasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy Mashhad University of Medical Sciences  Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azar","family":"Fani Pakdel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Research Center Mashhad University of Medical Sciences  Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1273-5448","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gholamreza","family":"Karimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute Mashhad University of Medical Sciences  Mashhad Iran"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of pharmacy Mashhad University of Medical Sciences  Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1534735413490235"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.13779"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00066-011-2204-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HP.0b013e3181c9f79a"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8140(01)00327-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0936-6555(05)80971-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","unstructured":"Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events V4.0 (CTCAE).2013. 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