{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T23:10:40Z","timestamp":1790118640630,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,3]],"date-time":"2018-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1543795200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF\u20102014R1A4A1007304"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF\u20102014R1A4A1007304"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Phytotherapy Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Acne is a chronic inflammatory disease of the skin that occurs when bacteria abnormally grow in hair follicles. The most common treatment is antibiotics, but they are limited due to antibiotic resistance. The purpose of this study was to identify the active ingredients of the antimicrobial effects of red ginseng (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>Panax ginseng<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> C.A. Meyer), compare it to existing antibacterial substances, and determine its potential efficacy as a natural drug product. The hydrophobic fraction in red ginseng ethanol extract (RGEF) showed the same or better antimicrobial activity against <jats:italic>Propionibacterium acnes<\/jats:italic> than benzoyl peroxide or azelaic acid. In addition, the antimicrobial component derived from red ginseng selectively showed a high antimicrobial effect on <jats:italic>P.\u00a0acnes<\/jats:italic>. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic analysis showed that the active antimicrobial substance in this fraction was panaxynol and panaxydol. Twenty subjects who had acne symptoms were treated with cream containing 3\u00a0mg\/g of RGEF for 4\u00a0weeks. It was found that oxidized sebum contents and redness of the skin were reduced, and symptoms of the early to middle stage of acne were effectively improved. This study showed that red ginseng extract containing panaxynol and panaxydol can effectively control the symptoms of acne.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.6243","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,3]],"date-time":"2018-12-03T09:24:22Z","timestamp":1543829062000},"page":"584-590","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Anti\u2010acne properties of hydrophobic fraction of red ginseng (<scp><i>Panax ginseng<\/i><\/scp> C.A. Meyer) and its active components"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Joon Hyuk","family":"Hou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy Korea University  Sejong Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Korea Ginseng Corporation Research Institute Korea Ginseng Corporation  Daejeon Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyunjung","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Korea Ginseng Corporation Research Institute Korea Ginseng Corporation  Daejeon Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyoung Hwa","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Korea Ginseng Corporation Research Institute Korea Ginseng Corporation  Daejeon Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chae Kyu","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Korea Ginseng Corporation Research Institute Korea Ginseng Corporation  Daejeon Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bonsuk","family":"Koo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Korea Ginseng Corporation Research Institute Korea Ginseng Corporation  Daejeon Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyeji","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy Korea University  Sejong Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soon Hong","family":"Yuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy Korea University  Sejong Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6191-4485","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ki Yong","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy Korea University  Sejong Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02975095"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2016.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms11114417"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2013.505"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","first-page":"18","article-title":"Psychosocial impact of postinflammatory hyperpigmentation in patients with acne vulgaris","volume":"10","author":"Darji K.","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Aesthet Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules21081063"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"Newer approaches in topical combination therapy for acne","volume":"16","author":"Fu L.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Skin Therapy Letter"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200363150-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000067820"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2009.04.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2015.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.30.917"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2017.32.4.679"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.2640"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5142\/JGR.2008.32.1.073"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5142\/JGR.2006.30.4.181"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jo020073w"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/187152008783497073"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5142\/JGR.2008.32.1.067"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.31.1614"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01015-13"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4165(89)80051-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60321-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03253153"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2016.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12272-001-1134-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2017.02.054"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-00262-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2007.10.026"}],"container-title":["Phytotherapy Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fptr.6243","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ptr.6243","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,11]],"date-time":"2023-09-11T10:12:51Z","timestamp":1694427171000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ptr.6243"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,3]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ptr.6243"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ptr.6243","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0951-418X","1099-1573"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0951-418X","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-1573","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-08-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-11-02","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-12-03","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}