{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T11:21:03Z","timestamp":1791890463138,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,3]],"date-time":"2019-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554249600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Phytotherapy Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease that manifested as hyperglycemia due to the defect in secretion or function of insulin. Studies have shown that saffron and its derivatives cause a significant reduction in plasma glucose levels in experimental models. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the saffron extract on fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycated hemoglobin level (HbA1c), lipid profile, liver enzymes, and renal function tests in type 2 diabetic patients. In this double\u2010blind randomized clinical trial, 64 type 2 diabetic patients who were on oral anti\u2010diabetic drugs were examined. Participants received either 15\u00a0mg of saffron or placebo capsules (two pills per day) for 3\u00a0months. Anthropometric indices, dietary intake, FPG, HbA1c, lipid profiles, liver enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP), and renal function (BUN, Cr.) tests were measured pre and post intervention after 3\u00a0months. Independent <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic> test and paired <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic> test were used for data analysis. After 3\u2010months intervention, mean difference of FPG, Cholesterol, LDL\u2010c, and LDL\/HDL ratio between two groups showed significant reduction(<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001), but HbA1c, HDL\u2010C, API, TG showed no significant differences (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&gt;\u00a00.05). In saffron group, FPG, HbA1c, cholesterol, LDL\u2010c, and LDL\/HDL ratio decreased significantly after 3\u2010months intervention compare with baseline (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.6351","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,3]],"date-time":"2019-04-03T14:35:14Z","timestamp":1554302114000},"page":"1648-1657","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":82,"title":["The effect of hydroalcoholic Saffron (<scp><i>Crocus sativus<\/i><\/scp> L<i>.)<\/i> extract on fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c, lipid profile, liver, and renal function tests in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized double\u2010blind clinical trial"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0694-0656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Armaghan","family":"Moravej Aleali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Research Center, Health Research Institute Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences  Ahvaz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0074-4080","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reza","family":"Amani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Research Center, Health Research Institute Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences  Ahvaz Iran"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition &amp; Food Science, Food Security Research Center Isfahan University of Medical Sciences  Isfahan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hajieh","family":"Shahbazian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Research Center, Health Research Institute Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences  Ahvaz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frough","family":"Namjooyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Marine Pharmaceutical Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences  Ahvaz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyed Mahmoud","family":"Latifi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Research Center, Health Research Institute Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences  Ahvaz Iran"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology &amp; Biostatistics, School of Public Health Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences  Ahvaz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bahman","family":"Cheraghian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology &amp; Biostatistics, School of Public Health Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences  Ahvaz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cdp.2004.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2251\u20106581\u201013\u201029"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102710.2009.01133.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.1647"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","first-page":"397","article-title":"Crocus sativus on serum glucose, insulin and cholesterol levels in healthy male rats","volume":"4","author":"Arasteh A.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Medicinal Plant Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.1749"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1900\/Rds.2014.11.258"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394\u2010011\u20100251\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/7027624"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbcan.2013.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","first-page":"14","article-title":"Anti\u2010hyperglycemic effect of saffron extract in alloxan\u2010induced diabetic rats","volume":"5","author":"Elgazar A. 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