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Paeonol is isolated as an active ingredient from Moutan Cortex. However, the effect and potential mechanism of paeonol on gouty arthritis have not been evaluated. In this study, rats were treated intragastrically with paeonol for consecutive 7 days. On Day 5, rats were intra\u2010articularly injected with monosodium urate (MSU) crystals in the ankle joints to induce MSU\u2010induced arthritis (MIA). Paw volume was detected at various time points. Gait score was measured at 24 hr after MSU crystal injection. Ankle joints were collected for evaluation of histological score and expression of proinflammatory cytokines using hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry staining, respectively. Nuclear level of nuclear factor (NF)\u2010\u03baBp65 in synovial tissues was analyzed by western blot assay. NF\u2010\u03baB DNA\u2010binding activity was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Paeonol markedly lowered the paw volume, gait score, and histological score in MIA rats. Mechanistically, paeonol markedly reduced the expression of TNF\u2010\u03b1, IL\u20101\u03b2, and IL\u20106 in synovial tissues of MIA rats. In addition, the elevated level of p65 in nucleus and NF\u2010\u03baB DNA\u2010binding activity in synovial tissues of MIA rats were reduced significantly by paeonol treatment. These findings suggest that paeonol exerts anti\u2010inflammatory effect in MIA rats through inhibiting expression of proinflammatory cytokines and NF\u2010\u03baB activation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.6472","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,13]],"date-time":"2019-08-13T04:34:28Z","timestamp":1565670868000},"page":"2971-2978","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Paeonol ameliorates monosodium urate\u2010induced arthritis in rats through inhibiting nuclear factor\u2010\u03baB\u2010mediated proinflammatory cytokine production"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5581-738X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gang","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Research of Chongqing Education Commission, College of Environment and Resources Chongqing Technology and Business 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