{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T01:22:17Z","timestamp":1780363337881,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,10]],"date-time":"2019-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1568073600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Phytotherapy Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Acacia catechu<\/jats:italic> (L.f.) Willd (ACW) and <jats:italic>Scutellaria baicalensis<\/jats:italic> Georgi (SBG) are one of the most famous couplet Chinese medicines, widely used for treating infantile cough, phlegm, and fever caused by pulmonary infection. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of their anti\u2010inflammatory activity has not been determined. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of this couplet Chinese medicines (ACW\u2010SBG) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)\u2010induced inflammatory responses in acute lung injury (ALI) model of rats and the potential molecular mechanisms responsible for anti\u2010inflammatory activities in alveolar epithelial type II cells (AEC\u2010II). Standardization of the 70% ethanol extract of ACW and SBG was performed by using a validated reversed\u2010phase high\u2010pressure liquid chromatography method. Rats were pretreated with ACW\u2010SBG for 7\u00a0days prior to LPS challenge. We assessed the effects of ACW\u2010SBG on the LPS\u2010induced production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF\u2010\u03b1) and interleukin 1 beta (IL\u20101\u03b2) in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). The wet\u2010to\u2010dry weight ratio was calculated, and hematoxylin and eosin staining of lung tissue was performed. Cell viability of AEC\u2010II was measured by 3\u2010(4,5\u2010dimethylthiazol\u20102\u2010yl)\u20102,5\u2010diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Real\u2010time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay was carried out to quantify the relative gene expression of TNF\u2010\u03b1 and IL\u20101\u03b2 in AEC\u2010II. The western blotting analysis was executed to elucidate the expression of mediators linked to nuclear factor\u2010kappa B (NF\u2010\u03baB), mitogen\u2010activated protein kinase (MAPK), and phosphatidylinositol\u20103 kinase\u2010protein kinase B (PI3K\u2010Akt) signaling pathways. ACW\u2010SBG significantly decreased lung wet\u2010to\u2010dry weight ratio, ameliorated LPS\u2010induced lung histopathological changes, and reduced the release of inflammatory mediators such as TNF\u2010\u03b1 and IL\u20101\u03b2 in BALF. In AEC\u2010II, we found that the expression of TNF\u2010\u03b1 mRNA was also inhibited by ACW\u2010SBG. ACW\u2010SBG blocked NF\u2010\u03baB activation by preventing the phosphorylation of NF\u2010\u03baB (p65) as well as the phosphorylation and degradation of the inhibitor of kappa B kinase. ACW\u2010SBG extracts also inhibited the phosphorylation of respective MAPKs (c\u2010Jun N\u2010terminal kinase, extracellular signal\u2010regulated kinase, and p38) as well as Akt. The present study demonstrated that ACW\u2010SBG played a potent anti\u2010inflammatory role in LPS\u2010induced ALI in rats. The potential molecular mechanism was involved in attenuating the NF\u2010\u03baB, MAPKs, and PI3K\u2010Akt signaling pathways in LPS\u2010induced AEC\u2010II.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.6499","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,11]],"date-time":"2019-09-11T04:40:57Z","timestamp":1568176857000},"page":"3251-3260","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["<i>Acacia catechu<\/i> (L.f.) Willd and <i>Scutellaria baicalensis<\/i> Georgi extracts suppress LPS\u2010induced pro\u2010inflammatory responses through NF\u2010\u043aB, MAPK, and PI3K\u2010Akt signaling pathways in alveolar epithelial type II cells"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Tian","family":"Feng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy Air Force Medical University  Xi'an PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liying","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine  Xianyang PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shouchang","family":"Gai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy Air Force Medical University  Xi'an PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yumeng","family":"Zhai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy Air Force Medical University  Xi'an PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nan","family":"Gou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine  Xianyang PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingchen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine  Xianyang PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy Air Force Medical University  Xi'an PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minxuan","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy Air Force Medical University  Xi'an PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1216-2352","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Libin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy Air Force Medical University  Xi'an PR China"},{"name":"Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy Air Force Medical University  Xi'an PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siwang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy Air Force Medical University  Xi'an PR China"},{"name":"College of Life Science and Medicine Northwest University  Xi'an PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000143933.20616.1b"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-4514.2007.00142.x"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","first-page":"S28","article-title":"Transport properties of isolated type II alveolar epithelial cells","volume":"127","author":"Castranova V.","year":"1983","journal-title":"The American Review of Respiratory Disease"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BCR.0b013e3181a28e13"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2018.09.183"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The synthetic compound norcantharidin induced apoptosis in mantle cell lymphoma in vivo and in vitro through the PI3K\u2010Akt\u2010NF\u2010\u03baB signaling pathway","volume":"2013","author":"Hongyan L.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Evidence\u2010Based Complementray and Alternative Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresrev.2008.12.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","article-title":"Formulation of a mixture of Free\u2010B\u2010Ring flavonoids and flavans as a therapeutic agent","author":"Jia Q. 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