{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T21:26:55Z","timestamp":1788557215967,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,16]],"date-time":"2019-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1576454400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Phytotherapy Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Ultraviolet (UV) radiation elicits melanogenesis and pigmentation in the skin. Apigenin (4\u2032,5,7\u2010trihydroxyflavone [AGN]) is a plant flavone contained in various herbs, fruits, and vegetables. We herein investigated antimelanogenic properties of AGN and the molecular mechanisms of the action of AGN. In UVB\u2010treated mice, AGN inhibited cutaneous hyperpigmentation and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) expression as a melanogenesis\u2010related key factor. In mouse keratinocytes, AGN inhibited the expression of MIF and also the related factors (e.g., stem cell factor and proteinase\u2010activated receptor 2) induced by MIF. In addition to ellagic acid as a casein kinase II (CK2) inhibitor, AGN suppressed CK2 enzymatic activity and UVB\u2010induced CK2 expression and subsequent phosphorylation of I\u03baB and MIF expression. These results suggest that AGN inhibits UVB\u2010induced hyperpigmentation through the regulation of CK2\u2010mediated MIF expression in keratinocytes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.6597","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,16]],"date-time":"2019-12-16T12:07:16Z","timestamp":1576498036000},"page":"1320-1328","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["The regulation of protein kinase casein kinase II by apigenin is involved in the inhibition of ultraviolet B\u2010induced macrophage migration inhibitory factor\u2010mediated hyperpigmentation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Yoko","family":"Yoshihisa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Toyama  Toyama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsugunobu","family":"Andoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Toyama  Toyama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mati Ur","family":"Rehman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Toyama  Toyama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3231-0279","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tadamichi","family":"Shimizu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Toyama  Toyama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-07-2763"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2008.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","first-page":"85","article-title":"Inhibition of ultraviolet light induced skin carcinogenesis in SKH\u20101 mice by apigenin","volume":"17","author":"Birt D. 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