{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T18:45:59Z","timestamp":1791312359478,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":112,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,15]],"date-time":"2020-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1581724800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Phytotherapy Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Natural polyphenols are being tested both in preclinical and clinical settings for the treatment of different neurological disorders. The article describes the outcome of three polyphenols, resveratrol, epigallocatechin gallate, and quercetin, in preclinical animal models of epilepsy (both acute and chronic) and epileptogenesis. In theory, the antioxidant and neuroprotective properties of these natural polyphenols might be valuable in the management of acute seizures and the prevention of epileptogenesis. It is fascinating to observe that these polyphenols have a capacity to alter various signaling processes involved in the pathogenesis of epilepsy. The antiepileptic or antiseizure potential with these molecules delivers a mixed outcome. Some studies have demonstrated the usefulness of these molecules in preclinical models of epilepsy; however, contrary to the findings also exist. These molecules have poor bioavailability that may remain as the limiting factor in their clinical effects. The use of nanotechnology and other techniques have been tested to enhance bioavailability and brain penetration. There are no randomized double\u2010blinded clinical studies establishing their antiepileptic effects in humans. It is concluded that more preclinical mechanism\u2010based studies are needed to deliver a more certain picture regarding the use of natural polyphenols in the treatment of epilepsy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.6617","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,15]],"date-time":"2020-02-15T15:14:43Z","timestamp":1581779683000},"page":"1268-1281","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Natural polyphenols in preclinical models of epilepsy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5746-7312","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashish","family":"Dhir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, School of Medicine University of California, Davis  Sacramento California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2005.12.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-007-9152-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/revneuro-2018-0080"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.00701"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41698-017-0038-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11040841"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24132474"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2019.03.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nano.2018.01.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00709-014-0670-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","first-page":"459","article-title":"Improving anticancer efficacy of (\u2212)\u2010epigallocatechin\u20103\u2010gallate gold nanoparticles in murine B16F10 melanoma cells","volume":"8","author":"Chen C.\u2010C.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Drug Design, Development and Therapy"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2017.08.010"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","first-page":"53","article-title":"Phase I pharmacokinetic study of tea polyphenols following single\u2010dose administration of epigallocatechin gallate and polyphenon E","volume":"10","author":"Chow H. H.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20040998"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6b06853"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.6125"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13543784.2019.1557147"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.15967"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20358"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2017.05.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.9b00722"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep21931"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2017.10.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.241429"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-018-0924-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2015.0941"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146325"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2019.06.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1358\/mf.2001.23.5.662120"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/ENEURO.0301-16.2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2016.08.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells7040026"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.111.091694"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-05-0480"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm3293"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","first-page":"205","article-title":"Protective effects of quercetin against status epilepticus induced hippocampal neuronal injury in rats: Involvement of X\u2010linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein","volume":"111","author":"Hu K.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Neurologica Belgica"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2019.00421"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joim.2018.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo9040078"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00968787"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-014-0266-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S50371"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0011951"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00280-010-1525-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1567201815666180926121104"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/an.114.006320"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2019.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2019.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.00685"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12868-019-0509-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu7075230"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu8030167"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12264-017-0097-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24091726"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24071438"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphs.2018.08.006"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_7_59_1","first-page":"531","article-title":"Genetic animal models of epilepsy as a unique resource for the evaluation of anticonvulsant drugs. A review","volume":"6","author":"Loscher W.","year":"1984","journal-title":"Methods and Findings in Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-1211(02)00073-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-017-2222-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharep.2017.07.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-09913-8"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_7_64_1","first-page":"125","article-title":"Resveratrol is neuroprotective and improves cognition in pentylenetetrazole\u2010kindling model of epilepsy in rats","volume":"76","author":"Meng X. J.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00729"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep17807"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3831\/KPI.2016.19.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox4020373"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_69_1","unstructured":"NCT00951834. (11\/29\/2018). Sunphenon EGCg (epigallocatechin\u2010gallate) in the early stage of Alzheimer's disease (SUN\u2010AK).https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT00951834?cond=Epigallocatechin&rank=4. Retrieved fromhttps:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT00951834?cond=Epigallocatechin&rank=4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_70_1","unstructured":"NCT02731495. (06\/07\/2016). Effect of epigallocatechin\u22123\u2010gallate supplementation in traumatic brain injury patients. Retrieved fromhttps:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT02731495?cond=Epigallocatechin&rank=9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M501485200"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12640-019-00021-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2014.05.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobaz.2015.02.001"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_7_75_1","first-page":"823","article-title":"The surprising reach of FDA regulation of cannabis, even after Descheduling","volume":"68","author":"O'Connor S. M.","year":"2019","journal-title":"The American University Law Review"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/092986706775197962"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etp.2016.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2741\/4267"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.14663"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.8b06674"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20020351"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.915025"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2013.12.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2015.11.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-5949.2008.00045.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24050917"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2014.01.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1208\/s12249-019-1353-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/81.1.215S"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2011.11.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-018-5087-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2016.12.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-1211(98)00046-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.12009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.04.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2018.02.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002035"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-019-0217-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2006.06.062"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2014.2724"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12929-016-0259-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_102_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Distinct effects of resveratrol on seizures and hyperexcitability induced by NMDA and 4\u2010aminopyridine","volume":"22","author":"Wang Y.\u2010J.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutritional Neuroscience"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-019-1612-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_104_1","first-page":"363","article-title":"On the preparations of the Indian hemp, or Gunjah: Cannabis indica. Their effects on the animal system in health, and their utility in the treatment of tetanus and other convulsive diseases","volume":"5","author":"WB O. S.","year":"1843","journal-title":"Provincial Medical Journal and Retrospect of the Medical Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.112979"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-016-0786-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114514000737"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-009-9920-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2012.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-016-9809-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S210057"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2010.05.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2019.06.002"}],"container-title":["Phytotherapy Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ptr.6617","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ptr.6617","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ptr.6617","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,6]],"date-time":"2023-09-06T09:39:02Z","timestamp":1693993142000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ptr.6617"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,15]]},"references-count":112,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ptr.6617"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ptr.6617","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0951-418X","1099-1573"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0951-418X","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-1573","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-10-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-01-07","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-02-15","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}