{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T15:59:55Z","timestamp":1777391995448,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,11]],"date-time":"2020-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1581379200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012021","name":"Iran University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31302"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31302"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012021","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Phytotherapy Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune and inflammatory disease. Our study aimed to determine the effect of saffron supplement on clinical outcomes and metabolic profiles in patients with active RA. In this randomized, double\u2010blind, placebo\u2010controlled trial, 66 women older than 18\u2009years old received 100\u2009mg\/day either saffron supplement in the intervention group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 33) or matched placebo in the placebo group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 33) for a period of 12\u2009weeks. Sixty\u2010one patients (30 in the control and 31 in the saffron group) remained for the final analysis. No adverse effects were reported by the patients. Saffron supplementation significantly decreased the number of tender (\u22121.38\u2009\u00b1\u20091.66 vs. 0.10\u2009\u00b1\u20090.40, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001) and swollen (\u22122.12\u2009\u00b1\u20092.34 vs. 0.63\u2009\u00b1\u20092.79, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001) joints, pain intensity based on visual analogue scale (\u221218.36\u2009\u00b1\u200915.07 vs. \u22122.33\u2009\u00b1\u20095.04), <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001), and disease activity score (DAS28) (\u22120.75\u2009\u00b1\u20090.67 vs. 0.26\u2009\u00b1\u20090.77, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001) at the end of intervention between the two groups and in saffron group compared with baseline values. Physician Global Assessment (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = .002) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were significantly improved after intervention (24.06\u2009\u00b1\u200912.66 vs. 32.00\u2009\u00b1\u200914.75, p = 0.028). High\u2010sensitivity C\u2010reactive protein reduced at the end of the intervention in the saffron group compared with baseline values (12.00\u2009\u00b1\u20097.40 vs. 8.82\u2009\u00b1\u20097.930, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = .004). Tumor necrosis factor alpha, interferon gamma, and malondialdehyde were decreased, and total antioxidant capacity were increased, but their differences between the two groups were not significant (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u2009.05). According to the results, saffron supplements could positively and significantly improve clinical outcomes in RA patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.6633","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,12]],"date-time":"2020-02-12T07:31:09Z","timestamp":1581492669000},"page":"1650-1658","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["The effect of saffron supplement on clinical outcomes and metabolic profiles in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis: A randomized, double\u2010blind, placebo\u2010controlled clinical trial"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Zahra","family":"Hamidi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health Iran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9662-8561","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naheed","family":"Aryaeian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health Iran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jamileh","family":"Abolghasemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health Iran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Shirani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Rasoul\u2010e\u2010Akram Hospital  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mahsa","family":"Hadidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health Iran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Soudabeh","family":"Fallah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nariman","family":"Moradi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences  Sanandaj Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"44","article-title":"Evaluation of the effect of saffron oral capsules on duration of the active phase of labor first stage","volume":"12","author":"Ahmadi S.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Reproductive Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-201491"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.21649"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1900\/RDS.2014.11.258"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.5622"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/01.MSS.0000078924.61453.FB"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)92211-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","volume-title":"What is rheumatoid arthritis? 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