{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T19:41:38Z","timestamp":1787168498766,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,2]],"date-time":"2020-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583107200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004748","name":"Mashhad University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004748","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Phytotherapy Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder (OCD) is a relatively prevalent mental disorder that poses significant health burdens on the community. Although current conventional medications have good efficacy for many patients, they can elicit a range of associated adverse effects. Plant\u2010based compounds have been evaluated for different mental disorders, with a range of anxiolytic properties revealed. To determine the current evidence in the area, we conducted a systematic review using the electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library up to June 12, 2019, for pharmacological and clinical evidence of herbal medicines and phytochemicals with antiobsessive\u2013compulsive effects. Additional search criteria were employed for locating research on the underpinning mechanisms of action. Results revealed that tentative low\u2010quality evidence exists for several plant medicines, including\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Crocus sativus<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Silybum marianum<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Echium amoenum<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Hypericum perforatum<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    and\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Withania somnifera<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    , along with several natural molecules, including crocin, cannabidiol, and curcumin. Although more research is needed to confirm effectiveness, present preclinical studies indicate that monoamine pathway modulation (in particular serotonin reuptake inhibition) may be the most important anti\u2010OCD mechanism among the studied natural compounds.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.6656","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,3]],"date-time":"2020-03-03T00:40:30Z","timestamp":1583196030000},"page":"1889-1901","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Herbal medicines and phytochemicals for obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2959-1919","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zahra","family":"Ayati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy Mashhad University of Medical Sciences  Mashhad Iran"},{"name":"NICM Heath Research Institute Western Sydney University  Penrith Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9287-8854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jerome","family":"Sarris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NICM Heath Research Institute Western Sydney University  Penrith Australia"},{"name":"Professorial Unit, The Melbourne Clinic, Department of Psychiatry The University of Melbourne  Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dennis","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NICM Heath Research Institute Western Sydney University  Penrith Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyed A.","family":"Emami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy Mashhad University of Medical Sciences  Mashhad Iran"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Biotechnology Research Center Mashhad University of Medical Sciences  Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8637-4350","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roja","family":"Rahimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Persian Medicine Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/16506070510041202"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","first-page":"119","article-title":"Herbal medicines in the treatment of psychiatric and neurological disorders","volume":"1","author":"Akhondzadeh S.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","first-page":"165","article-title":"The pharmacological importance of Benincasa hispida: A review","volume":"4","author":"Al\u2010Snafi A. E.","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","first-page":"68","article-title":"Pharmacological importance of Clitoria ternatea\u2014A review","volume":"6","author":"Al\u2010Snafi A. E.","year":"2016","journal-title":"IOSR Journal of Pharmacy"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","first-page":"50978","article-title":"Marble burying and nestlet shredding as tests of repetitive, compulsive\u2010like behaviors in mice","volume":"82","author":"Angoa\u2010P\u00e9rez M.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Visualized Experiments"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612825666190402163940"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/revneuro-2015-0009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1211\/0022357011775910"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.8b00841"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-009-9987-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0944-7113(00)80030-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0704327"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","first-page":"260","article-title":"Studies on neuropharmacological effects of Clitoria ternatea Linn. Root extract in rats and mice","volume":"9","author":"Boominathan R.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Natural Product Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(01)03394-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2001-15180"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2011.02.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2017.00269"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/FBP.0b013e32833b33c5"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","first-page":"282","article-title":"Tabernaemontana divaricata leaves extract exacerbate burying behavior in mice","volume":"5","author":"Chanchal R.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0253-7176.106022"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","first-page":"81","article-title":"Effect of curcumin on quinpirole induced compulsive checking: An approach to determine the predictive and construct validity of the model","volume":"2","author":"Chimakurthy J.","year":"2010","journal-title":"North American Journal of Medical Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6882-13-42"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2005.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2004.04.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0976-500X.92521"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","first-page":"154","article-title":"Comparison of saffron and fluvoxamine in the treatment of mild to moderate obsessive\u2010compulsive disorder: A double blind randomized clinical trial","volume":"12","author":"Esalatmanesh S.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/jbbs.2013.33031"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/revneuro-2014-0058"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Central nervous system depressant effects of the methanolic leaves extracts of Tabernaemontana divaricata","volume":"4","author":"Faruq M. O.","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal of Medicinal Plants and Natural Products"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13005\/bpj\/463"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1568026616666160204121039"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2012.08.081"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","first-page":"417","article-title":"Evaluation of anti\u2010compulsive effect of methanolic extract of Benincasa hispida Cogn. Fruit in mice","volume":"67","author":"Girdhar S.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta poloniae pharmaceutica"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1989.01810110048007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2016.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v64n0508"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/can.2016.0034"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2016.03.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-3057(03)00130-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp031002"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","first-page":"35","article-title":"Protective role of curcumin in maximal electroshock induced seizures, memory impairment and neurotransmitters in rat brain","volume":"2","author":"Jithendra C.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Preclinical and Clinical Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2005.11.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/13880201003586887"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/13880209.2015.1014923"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1995-7645(12)60063-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004850-200511000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0250-474X.65012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-008-1300-y"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","first-page":"348","article-title":"Possible anorectic effect of methanol extract of Benincasa hispida (Thunb). Cogn, fruit","volume":"36","author":"Kumar A.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Pharmacology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-977X(03)00063-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.2434"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/157488611798280924"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/jcim-2015-0043"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","first-page":"56","article-title":"Currently used traditional phytomedicines with hot nature in Iran","volume":"2","author":"Mikaili P.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biological Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2008.06.003"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","first-page":"39","article-title":"Safety evaluation of crocin (a constituent of saffron) tablets in healthy volunteers","volume":"16","author":"Mohamadpour A. H.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2008.09.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0975-7406.129174"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2202\/1553-3840.1465"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bionut.2013.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1247"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2008.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-8490.79118"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2231-0738.84188"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2231-0738.84206"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_67_1","first-page":"317","article-title":"Ethnobotany & ethnopharmacology of Tabernaemontana divaricata","volume":"127","author":"Pratchayasakul W.","year":"2008","journal-title":"The Indian Journal of Medical Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/17425255.2012.680886"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.10.018"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_9_70_1","first-page":"1507","article-title":"Evaluation of acute and subchronic toxicity of Lagenaria siceraria aerial parts","volume":"2","author":"Saha P.","year":"2011","journal-title":"International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences And Research"},{"issue":"07","key":"e_1_2_9_71_1","first-page":"285","article-title":"Effect of Citrus aurantium L. essential oil and its interaction with fluoxetine on anxiety in male mice. J. Behav","volume":"4","author":"Saketi S.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.6055"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2011.04.051"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/acm.2009.0066"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2011.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2009.08.021"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_77_1","first-page":"362","article-title":"Comparison of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. With fluoxetine in the treatment of obsessive\u2212 compulsive disorder. Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol","volume":"34","author":"Sayyah M.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12703\/P6-68"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3923\/ajps.2010.152.157"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_80_1","first-page":"120","article-title":"Evaluation of anti\u2010compulsive effect of Ethanolic extract of Clitoria ternatea in mice","volume":"5","author":"Shende V.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.1450"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11062-012-9266-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17425255.2017.1378342"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_9_84_1","first-page":"390","article-title":"An overview of Citrus aurantium used in treatment of various diseases","volume":"5","author":"Suryawanshi J. A. S.","year":"2011","journal-title":"African Journal of Plant Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1534735407301942"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v61n0806"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_87_1","first-page":"956","article-title":"Investigation of the neuroprotective effects of crocin via antioxidant activities in HT22 cells and in mice with Alzheimer's disease","volume":"43","author":"Wang C.","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_88_1","first-page":"5","article-title":"The cross\u2010national epidemiology of obsessive\u2010compulsive disorder","volume":"3","author":"Weissman M. M.","year":"1994","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2005.08.009"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_90_1","first-page":"331","article-title":"Role of serotonergic system on modulation of depressogenic\u2010like effects of silymarine","volume":"11","author":"Yaghmaei P.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2010.10.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/623753"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-199243020-00007"}],"container-title":["Phytotherapy Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fptr.6656","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ptr.6656","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ptr.6656","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ptr.6656","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,5]],"date-time":"2023-09-05T05:11:52Z","timestamp":1693890712000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ptr.6656"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,2]]},"references-count":92,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ptr.6656"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ptr.6656","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0951-418X","1099-1573"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0951-418X","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-1573","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-09-08","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-02-16","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-03-02","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}