{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T13:35:04Z","timestamp":1792157704939,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":175,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,8]],"date-time":"2020-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604793600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Phytotherapy Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The popularity of natural medicine is growing worldwide. Unlike conventional licensed medicines, herbal medicine practices are usually not supported by effectiveness, efficacy, or safety studies, which raise concerns about potential risks involved in their usage, particularly in high\u2010risk patients such as pregnant women where teratogenicity is a concern. Despite a lack of science\u2010based evidence, the use of herbal products for the management of pregnancy\u2010associated challenges is common, due to the common notion that they are free of toxic effects and adverse reactions because they are \u201cnatural.\u201d The lack of concern about utilizing herbal remedies during pregnancy is strengthened by the lack of regulation in most countries for their marketing. However, plant\u2010based remedies are not free of adverse reactions. Medicinal plants and herbal remedies contain substances that can be toxic to the human body and the fetus. Potential effects of indiscriminate use of medicinal plants are embryotoxicity, teratogenic, and abortifacient effects. Some plant constituents can cross the placenta and reach the fetus. Phytochemicals and their metabolites are known to induce stimulation of uterine contraction and hormone imbalance that could result in abortion. The alterations to the hormonal profile can affect conception, induce teratogenic activity, and halt the pregnancy or produce a congenital malformation. Due to the wide range of modes of action of phytochemicals, some medicinal plants may be safe to use during certain trimesters of pregnancy and harmful at other stages. This manuscript reviews available scientific information concerning potential health hazards associated with the consumption of herbal medicines during pregnancy, highlighting those herbs that should be avoided due to their potential abortifacient and\/or teratogenic activity. We focused on plants that were tested by preclinical studies, and studies of these plants are summarized. Common therapeutic use of these herbs, estimated effects, toxicological effects, and animal studies of these plants is summarized. The literature reviewed suggests that consumption of the following medicinal plants should be avoided during pregnancy: <jats:italic>Abrus precatorius, Achyranthes aspera, Ailanthus excelsa, Aloe vera, Aristolochia indica, Areca catechu, Bambusa vulgaris, Cassia occidentalis, Cicer arietinum, Cimicifuga racemose, Dolichandrone falcate, Ginkgo biloba, Hydrastis canadensis<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Indigofera trifoliate, Lavandula latifolia, Maytenus ilicifolia, Momordica cymbalaria, Moringa oleifera, Musa rosacea<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Oxalis corniculate<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Phytolacca dodecandra, Plumeria rubra, Ricinus communis, Ruta graveolens, Stachys lavandulifolia<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Senna alata, Trigonella foenum\u2010graecum<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Vitus agnus\u2010castus<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Valeriana officinalis<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.6935","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,9]],"date-time":"2020-11-09T07:37:11Z","timestamp":1604907431000},"page":"1908-1924","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":93,"title":["Is it safe to consume traditional medicinal plants during pregnancy?"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3630-9424","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nirit","family":"Bernstein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences Volcani Center  Rishon LeZion Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7457-8572","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad","family":"Akram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Eastern Medicine Government College University Faisalabad  Faisalabad Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zohara","family":"Yaniv\u2010Bachrach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Plant Sciences Volcani Center  Rishon LeZion Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Daniyal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation &amp; Development Laboratory, School of Pharmacy Hunan University of Chinese Medicine  Changsha China"},{"name":"College of Biology, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation Hunan University  Changsha China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"121","article-title":"Efficacy studies of natural and synthetic iron sources among anemic pregnant women in community of Faisalabad\u2010Pakistan","volume":"5","author":"Abdullah M.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Food and Nutrition Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The aqueous fraction of Areca catechu Nut ameliorates demyelination in prefrontal cortex\u2010induced depressive symptoms and cognitive decline through brain\u2010derived neurotrophic factor\u2010cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element\u2010binding activation","author":"Adilijiang A.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-018-2399-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2018.05.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpn.12360"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2013.09.001"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","first-page":"164","article-title":"Traditional arabic & islamic medicine: A conceptual model for clinicians and researchers","volume":"4","author":"Al\u2010Rawi S.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Global Journal of Health Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","first-page":"89\u201095","article-title":"Medical importance of Anthemis nobilis (Chamaemelum Nobile) \u2013 A review","volume":"2","author":"Al\u2010Snafi A. 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