{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T11:16:11Z","timestamp":1785928571907,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,9]],"date-time":"2020-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604880000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004748","name":"Mashhad University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["961636"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["961636"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004748","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Phytotherapy Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease, while no drugs have been approved for its treatment. The pieces of evidence indicate that propolis as a novel anti\u2010inflammatory agent might be a promising candidate to treat NAFLD. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of propolis on hepatic steatosis and fibrosis in patients with NAFLD. This randomized clinical trial was conducted on 54 patients with NAFLD. Patients were randomly assigned to receive propolis tablets at a dose of 250\u2009mg twice daily for 4\u2009months or placebo. The improvement in hepatic steatosis and fibrosis was evaluated using two\u2010dimensional shear wave elastography. Improvement in the hepatic steatosis was significantly higher in the propolis group than the placebo group, even after adjustment for baseline value and changes in weight, energy intake, and physical activity (odds ratio [OR]: 5.67; 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 1.41\u201322.8; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> =\u2009.014). A significant reduction was observed on the liver stiffness in the propolis group (\u22120.65\u2009\u00b1\u20090.56\u2009kPa; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> =\u2009.001), whereas it increased in the placebo group (0.27\u2009\u00b1\u20090.59\u2009kPa; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> =\u2009.037). Also, the intake of propolis significantly decreased high\u2010sensitivity C\u2010reactive protein (hs\u2010CRP) levels compared with the placebo group (\u22120.371; 95%CI: \u22120.582 to \u22120.16\u2009mg\/L; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = .01). Changes in serum levels of fasting blood sugar, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, low\u2010density lipoprotein cholesterol, high\u2010density lipoprotein cholesterol, cholesterol, and triglyceride did not differ significantly between the two groups (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u2009.05). There was no significant improvement in insulin resistance in both groups (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u2009.05). Propolis seems to have protective effects on hepatic steatosis and fibrosis and to reduce the serum levels of hs\u2010CRP in patients with NAFLD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.6937","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,9]],"date-time":"2020-11-09T19:16:53Z","timestamp":1604949413000},"page":"1669-1679","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Protective effects of propolis on hepatic steatosis and fibrosis among patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (<scp>NAFLD<\/scp>) evaluated by real\u2010time two\u2010dimensional shear wave elastography: A randomized clinical trial"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9017-3743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davood","family":"Soleimani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences  Kermanshah Iran"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences  Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1965-4886","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mitra","family":"Rezaie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences  Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6581-4716","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Farnood","family":"Rajabzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Mashhad Medical Sciences Branch Islamic Azad University  Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3073-5302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jamshid","family":"Gholizadeh Navashenaq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center Bam University of Medical Sciences  Bam Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5490-8052","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammadreza","family":"Abbaspour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute Mashhad University of Medical Sciences  Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1051-6911","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahsa","family":"Miryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition Research Center, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences Tabriz University of Medical Sciences  Tabriz 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