{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T22:37:09Z","timestamp":1790721429561,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":154,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,17]],"date-time":"2021-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610841600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Phytotherapy Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Nigella sativa<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>N. sativa<\/jats:italic>) seed had been used traditionally due to several pharmacological effects. The updated experimental and clinical effects of <jats:italic>N. sativa<\/jats:italic> and its constituents on respiratory, allergic and immunologic disorders are provided in this comprehensive review article. Various databases including PubMed, Science Direct and Scopus were used. The preventive effects of <jats:italic>N. sativa<\/jats:italic> on pulmonary diseases were mainly due to its constituents such as thymoquinone, thymol, carvacrol and alpha\u2010hederin. Extracts and constituents of <jats:italic>N. sativa<\/jats:italic> showed the relaxant effect, with possible mechanisms indicating its bronchodilatory effect in obstructive pulmonary diseases. In experimental animal models of different respiratory diseases, the preventive effect of various extracts and constituents of <jats:italic>N. sativa<\/jats:italic> was demonstrated by mechanisms such as antioxidant, immunomodulatory and antiinflammatory effects. Bronchodilatory and preventive effects of the plant and its components on asthma, COPD and lung disorders due to exposure to noxious agents as well as on allergic and immunologic disorders were also shown in the clinical studies. Various extracts and constituents of <jats:italic>N. sativa<\/jats:italic> showed pharmacological and therapeutic effects on respiratory, allergic and immunologic disorders indicating possible remedy effect of that the plant and its effective substances in treating respiratory, allergic and immunologic diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.7003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,17]],"date-time":"2021-01-17T15:59:21Z","timestamp":1610899161000},"page":"2968-2996","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["The effects of <scp><i>Nigella sativa<\/i><\/scp> on respiratory, allergic and immunologic disorders, evidence from experimental and clinical studies, a comprehensive and updated review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8588-7365","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saeideh","family":"Saadat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center Mashhad University of Medical Sciences  Mashhad Iran"},{"name":"Department of Physiology, School of Medicine Zahedan University of Medical Sciences  Zahedan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1519-7611","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Reza","family":"Aslani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center Mashhad University of Medical Sciences  Mashhad Iran"},{"name":"Lung Inflammatory Diseases Research Center, Faculty of Medicine Ardabil University of Medical Sciences  Ardabil Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6883-7972","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vahideh","family":"Ghorani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center Mashhad University of Medical Sciences  Mashhad Iran"},{"name":"Clinical Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences  Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6941-2690","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rana","family":"Keyhanmanesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences  Tabriz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5736-9755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Hossein","family":"Boskabady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center Mashhad University of Medical Sciences  Mashhad Iran"},{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences  Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"95","article-title":"Effect of dexamethasone and Nigella sativa on peripheral blood eosinophil count, IgG1 and IgG2a, cytokine profiles and lung inflammation in murine model of allergic asthma","volume":"12","author":"Abbas A. 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