{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T19:11:00Z","timestamp":1783105860910,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]],"date-time":"2025-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754092800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Phytotherapy Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Chronic diseases cause early death and financial strain worldwide. Cardio\u2010metabolic health, crucial for preventing cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes, may benefit from bilberry's antioxidant and anti\u2010inflammatory properties. This meta\u2010analysis reviews studies of bilberry's impact on lipid profiles, glycemic indices, body composition, and inflammatory and oxidative factors. Inclusion criteria were randomized clinical trials assessing bilberry supplementation in adults for at least 1 week. A comprehensive review of literature was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar until July 21, 2024, without any time limitations. Mean changes and their SDs were used to calculate overall effect sizes, with the Hozo et\u00a0al. method converting SEs, 95% CIs, and IQRs to SDs. A random\u2010effects model accounted for between\u2010study variations. Eleven RCTs, including 409 individuals, were incorporated into the present systematic review, and 8 were included in the meta\u2010analysis. Combining five effect sizes from the five trials on long\u2010term effects of bilberry administration compared with controls resulted in a non\u2010significant decrease in FBG (WMD: \u22120.08\u2009mmol\/L, 95% CI: \u22120.22 to 0.07, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.30). For HbA1c, the meta\u2010analysis of three RCTs showed a marginally significant reduction (WMD: \u22121.63%, 95% CI: \u22123.36% to 0.11%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.06). The results of the meta\u2010analysis on lipid profile showed a decreasing trend, although this reduction was not statistically significant for TC (WMD: \u22120.11\u2009mmol\/L, 95% CI: \u22120.30% to 0.08%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.27) or TG (WMD: \u22120.07\u2009mmol\/L, 95% CI: \u22120.32% to 0.19%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.62). However, a significant change in TG was reported in trials with a crossover design and RCTs with 4\u2009weeks of intervention or less. Although HDL level did not show any significant change (WMD: \u22120.02\u2009mmol\/L, 95% CI: \u22120.10% to 0.07%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.70), the meta\u2010analysis of five RCTs evaluating the long\u2010term effects of bilberry supplementation revealed a significant change in LDL following bilberry supplementation (WMD: 0.07\u2009mmol\/L, 95% CI: 0.01%\u20130.14%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.01). Furthermore, no significant reduction was observed in SBP (WMD: \u22122.75\u2009mmHg, 95% CI: \u22126.38% to 0.89%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.13) or DBP (WMD: \u22121.00\u2009mmHg, 95% CI: \u22124.66% to 2.65%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.59) after bilberry supplementation. Finally, anthropometric indices including body weight (WMD: 0.04 Kg, 95% CI: \u22120.44% to 0.53%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.86) and inflammatory and oxidative stress markers including hs\u2010CRP (WMD: \u22128.22\u2009mg\/L, 95% CI: \u221220.24% to 3.81%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.18), IL\u20106 (WMD: \u22127.19\u2009pg\/mL, 95% CI: \u221219.01% to 4.63%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.23), uric acid (WMD: \u22120.01\u2009mmol\/L, 95% CI: \u22120.03% to 0.01%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.36), and FRAP (WMD: \u221242.03\u2009\u03bcmol\/L, 95% CI: \u2212100.54% to 16.48%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.16) showed no significant change after bilberry supplementation. Bilberry supplementation may have beneficial effects on HbA1c and TG, but not other cardio\u2010metabolic indices. Therefore, long\u2010term and high\u2010quality trials are needed to confirm the promising effects of bilberries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.70054","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]],"date-time":"2025-08-02T07:35:57Z","timestamp":1754120157000},"page":"4094-4115","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Investigating the Effects of <scp><i>Vaccinium myrtillus<\/i><\/scp> Supplementation on Cardiometabolic Indices: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Shokoofeh","family":"Talebi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science Isfahan University of Medical Sciences  Isfahan Iran"},{"name":"Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, and Nutrition and Food Security Research Center Isfahan University of Medical Sciences  Isfahan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahsa","family":"Shirani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science Isfahan University of Medical Sciences  Isfahan Iran"},{"name":"Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, and Nutrition and Food Security Research Center Isfahan University of Medical Sciences  Isfahan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atena","family":"Mahdavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit CHU de Qu\u00e9bec\u2010Laval University Research Center  Qu\u00e9bec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Bagherniya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, and Nutrition and Food Security Research Center Isfahan University of Medical Sciences  Isfahan Iran"},{"name":"Anesthesia and Critical Care Research Center Isfahan University of Medical Sciences  Isfahan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8656-1444","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amirhossein","family":"Sahebkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotechnology Research Center Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences  Mashhad Iran"},{"name":"Centre for Research Impact &amp; Outcome Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University  Rajpura India"},{"name":"Applied Biomedical Research Center Basic Sciences Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences  Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.202101157"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2019.103597"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2018.11.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246\u2010013\u20100693\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1735\u20105362.189321"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3920\/CEP150014"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40795-021-00482-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0096411"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.7038"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25071653"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/0109298673309489240816063313"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/mutage\/gev079"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2012.12.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1601513"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S214550"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2019.103443"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.0c07784"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13051692"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2023.1139880"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392\u2010024\u201001757\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2016.11.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d5928"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/jns.2013.16"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/foods10112852"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-5-13"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2017.08.120"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2009.05.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2017.04.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394\u2010010\u20100092\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2019.05.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201200195"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.113.060590"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.31903"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2024.1416403"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11061350"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2024.104608"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12970\u2010018\u20100227\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.016634"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.11.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2017.03.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12113252"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/467682"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-014-0573-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms231911021"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","unstructured":"Pulkkinen L. H.Mykk\u00e4nen R.T\u00f6rr\u00f6nen et\u00a0al.2012.\u201cReduction of Subacute Endotoxemia Could Mediate Beneficial Effects ofVaccinium myrtillusin Metabolic Syndrome\u2014A PBMC Gene Expression Study.\u201dPaper presented at the X International Symposium on Vaccinium and Other Superfruits 1017."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394\u2010012\u20100402\u20109"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","first-page":"2518","article-title":"The Effect of a Natural, Standardized Bilberry Extract (Mirtoselect) in Dry Eye: A Randomized, Double Blinded, Placebo\u2010Controlled Trial","volume":"21","author":"Riva A.","year":"2017","journal-title":"European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtumed.2023.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2016.04.007"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","first-page":"46","article-title":"Study of Lifestyle and Its Effects on Cardiovascular Diseases","volume":"16","author":"Sedighi m.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Paramedical Sciences and Military Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31989\/FFHD.V11I3.782"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb44100313"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/217451"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI11830"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjdrc\u20102022\u2010003179"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.909914"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina58020299"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.155258"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ph15111329"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms160510665"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2015.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clbc.2018.01.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.12.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/790329"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.05.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-408117-8.00004-0"}],"container-title":["Phytotherapy Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ptr.70054","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T04:59:24Z","timestamp":1757566764000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ptr.70054"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ptr.70054"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ptr.70054","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0951-418X","1099-1573"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0951-418X","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-1573","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-08-08","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-04-27","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-08-02","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}