{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T00:25:35Z","timestamp":1770423935395,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766361600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766361600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82274540"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82274540"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Phytotherapy Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Trauma\u2010induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (TIONFH) is a complex, enigmatic, and rapidly deteriorating orthopedic disease. Many scholars are striving to find noninvasive treatments to stop or reverse TIONFH. Blood vessels in bone tissues, especially the type\u2010H vessels, play an important role in bone remodeling.\n                    <jats:italic>Panax notoginseng<\/jats:italic>\n                    saponins (PNS), also known as the Xuesaitong capsule, are a traditional Chinese medicine widely used in the treatment of ischemia\u2010related diseases. This trial is to explore the effect of PNS on angiogenesis\u2010mediated bone formation in TIONFH. The main components of PNS were identified using UPLC\u2010Q\u2010Orbitrap mass spectrometry. The TIONFH model was surgically established in SD rats, which were subsequently treated with PNS. Four weeks after treatment, the vascularization within the femoral head and the repair of osteonecrosis were evaluated. Rat endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) were cultured in\u00a0vitro to examine the effects of PNS on EPCs' proliferation, migration, angiogenesis, and the PDGF\u2010BB\/PDGFR pathway. Additionally, EPCs and osteoblasts were co\u2010cultured to analyze the impact of EPC\u2010derived angiogenic\u2013osteogenic factors on osteoblasts' function. Eleven components were identified in PNS through UPLC\u2010Q\u2010Orbitrap mass spectrometry, with saponin being the most predominant among them. In\u00a0vivo, we observed the presence of type\u2010H vessels within the femoral heads of rats and discovered that PNS could dose\u2010dependently increase the bone mass, type\u2010H vessels' number, PDGF\u2010BB\/PDGFR pathway\u2010related factors of rats with the TIONFH. In\u00a0vitro, PNS\u2010containing serum intervention significantly increased cell viability, migration, angiogenesis, and phosphorylation level of PDGF\u2010BB\/PDGFR pathway\u2010related proteins in EPCs. Meanwhile, PNS\u2010containing serum could also reverse the inhibitory effect of PDGFR inhibitor (AG1296) on the EPCs' function. Furthermore, the coculture results of EPCs\u2010osteoblasts confirmed that VEGF derived from EPCs under PNS treatment significantly stimulated the proliferation and mineralization of osteoblasts. In conclusion, PNS could promote angiogenesis\u2010mediated osteogenesis repair in rats with the TIONFH in a dose\u2010dependent manner, which was partly related to the activation and phosphorylation of the PDGF\u2010BB\/PDGFR signaling pathway in EPCs.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.70120","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]],"date-time":"2025-12-23T07:10:07Z","timestamp":1766473807000},"page":"603-618","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["<i>Panax Notoginseng<\/i>\n                    Saponins Stimulate Angiogenesis\u2010Mediated Bone Formation in Trauma\u2010Induced Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head via the\n                    <scp>PDGF<\/scp>\n                    \u2010\n                    <scp>BB<\/scp>\n                    \/\n                    <scp>PDGFR<\/scp>\n                    Pathway"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1405-0765","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuyuan","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shitao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dawen","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qunbin","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qishi","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1653708"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086\u2010200206000\u201000012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2022.116645"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000019368"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1582\u20104934.2012.01593.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.1010937"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/EOR\u201022\u20100041"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/apm\u201020\u2010121"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114849"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2017.00068"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1999.79.4.1283"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph191610050"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19127348"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13145"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2010.09.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010017\u201013436\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13422\/j.cnki.syfjx.20180839"},{"issue":"18","key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","first-page":"4524","article-title":"Effect 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