{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T12:20:33Z","timestamp":1784031633898,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774310400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774310400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014189","name":"Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture and Forestry","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["821027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["821027"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014189","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014189","name":"Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture and Forestry","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS\u20102024\u201000402136"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS\u20102024\u201000402136"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014189","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Phytotherapy Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Adipose tissue (AT) cells, including adipocytes, immune cells, and macrophages, interact in obesity\u2010related metabolic syndromes. Understanding these interactions is important to develop therapeutic agents. Sulforaphene\u2010enriched radish seed extract (RSE) has shown potent anti\u2010obesity effects on adipocytes. We investigated RSE's potential in preventing metabolic diseases by exploring AT cell interactions at the transcriptomics level. We investigated RSE's effects on C57BL\/6J mice fed a high\u2010fat diet (HFD). Metabolic cage experiments evaluated thermogenesis and norepinephrine (NE) levels in AT were measured. Transcriptomic analysis by RNA\u2010sequencing, gene ontology (GO) enrichment, and CIBERSORTx analysis were conducted to identify RSE's mechanisms, with validation via qRT\u2010PCR and Western blot assays. RSE (2.0% (w\/w)) significantly reduced body weight by 14.5% and fat mass by 35.8% compared to the HFD group, while increasing rectal temperatures, energy expenditure, and VO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    consumption. It increased NE levels and enhanced NE\u2010induced thermogenic gene expressions in AT through \u03b2\u2010adrenergic receptor signaling. GO enrichment analysis showed that RSE predominantly down\u2010regulated immune\u2010related pathways, including leukocyte migration, activation, proliferation, and cytokine production. CIBERSORTx analysis showed a 47.3% reduction in immune cell\u2010related gene expression (Absolute score), particularly associated with macrophages, in the RSE group. Histological analysis further demonstrated a 52.4% decrease in crown\u2010like structures, related to the recruitment of M1 and lipid\u2010associated macrophages (LAMs). Moreover, RSE modulated genes involved in NE clearance that interact with sympathetic neuron\u2010associated macrophages (SAMs), suggesting a role in regulating thermogenic signaling within AT. RSE mitigated HFD\u2010induced obesity by attenuating AT dysfunction and increasing NE\u2010induced thermogenesis. These effects were associated with changes in AT immune cell composition, particularly reduced LAMs and SAMs, down\u2010regulating inflammation and NE clearance. These findings suggest that RSE exerts anti\u2010obesity efficacy by modulating specific macrophage\u2010adipocyte interactions in AT, highlighting its potential role as a natural anti\u2010inflammatory and thermogenic agent.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.70282","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T01:05:43Z","timestamp":1774400743000},"page":"3267-3281","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Sulforaphene\u2010Enriched\n                    <i>Raphanus sativus L.<\/i>\n                    Seed Extract Promotes Norepinephrine\u2010Induced Thermogenesis and Weight Loss by Modulating the Interplay Between Adipocytes and Immune Cells in Adipose Tissue"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Gihyun","family":"Hur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural Biotechnology Seoul National University  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tae Kyung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural Biotechnology Seoul National University  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jong Hun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Biotechnology Sungshin Women's University  Seoul Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Basic Science Research Institute, Sungshin Women's University  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hee","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food and Nutrition Kookmin University  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ki Won","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural Biotechnology Seoul National University  Seoul Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University  Suwon Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Institutes of Green Bio Science &amp; Technology, Seoul National University  Pyeongchang Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Center for Food and Bio Convergence, Seoul National University  Seoul Republic of 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