{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T19:26:25Z","timestamp":1783452385139,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777334400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777334400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Phytotherapy Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Mulberry leaf, as a traditional Chinese medicinal plant, has been utilized in the treatment of various diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, inflammatory disorders, and liver diseases. However, the mechanisms underlying its therapeutic effects on non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remain unclear. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the potential mechanisms of mulberry leaf extract (MLE) in the treatment of NAFLD. The chemical composition of MLE was analyzed using ultra\u2010performance liquid chromatography\u2010quadrupole time\u2010of\u2010flight mass spectrometry (UPLC\u2010Q\u2010TOF\u2010MS). The NAFLD mice model was induced by a high\u2010fat, high\u2010fructose, and high\u2010cholesterol (HFFC) diet, followed by intervention with MLE. The results indicated that the administration of MLE notably reduced the obesity (\n                    <jats:italic>p\u2009&lt;<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u20090.05), oxidative stress (\n                    <jats:italic>p\u2009&lt;<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u20090.05), inflammation (\n                    <jats:italic>p\u2009&lt;<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u20090.05), and ECM deposition (\n                    <jats:italic>p\u2009&lt;<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u20090.05) induced by the HFFC diet, restored the parameters of liver function, and attenuated the pathological changes. Utilizing a combination of integrated liver non\u2010targeted metabolomics, network pharmacology, and transcriptomic approaches, we deciphered the molecular mechanisms by which MLE exerted its therapeutic effects in the treatment of NAFLD. In detail, our findings revealed that MLE suppressed the TGF\u03b21\/Smad3 and NF\u2010\u03baB signaling pathways to ameliorate fibrosis and inflammation. This study provided novel insights into the correlation between MLE and NAFLD progression, offering a scientific foundation for the prospective use of MLE in the treatment of NAFLD.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.70357","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T07:42:36Z","timestamp":1777362156000},"page":"4171-4187","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mechanisms of Mulberry Leaf Extracts Ameliorating Inflammation and Fibrosis in Non\u2010Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Mice via\n                    <scp>NF\u2010\u03baB<\/scp>\n                    and\n                    <scp>TGF\u03b21\/Smad3<\/scp>\n                    Pathways"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Shunying","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Xinjiang Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Forest Resources and Utilization in Xinjiang of National Forestry and Grassland Administration  Urumqi China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy Shihezi University  Shihezi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lijuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xinjiang Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Forest Resources and Utilization in Xinjiang of National Forestry and Grassland Administration  Urumqi China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy Shihezi University  Shihezi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaoli","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xinjiang Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Forest Resources and Utilization in Xinjiang of National Forestry and Grassland Administration  Urumqi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aobulikasimu","family":"nuerbiye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology Xinjiang University  Urumqi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiuyang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xinjiang Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Forest Resources and Utilization in Xinjiang of National Forestry and Grassland Administration  Urumqi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bahetiyaer","family":"Keremu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xinjiang Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Forest Resources and Utilization in Xinjiang of National Forestry and Grassland Administration  Urumqi 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