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Its pathogenesis involves complex pathological networks, including lipid metabolism disorders, oxidative stress, inflammation, and insulin resistance. Faced with the limitations of existing single\u2010target drugs, curcumin, a natural polyphenolic compound, has demonstrated significant potential for the prevention and treatment of MASLD due to its multidimensional pharmacological activities, such as antioxidant, anti\u2010inflammatory, metabolic regulation, and mitochondrial function repair. This article provides a systematic review of recent research on curcumin therapeutic mechanisms and clinical evidence in MASLD, with a focus on its antioxidant effect, improvement of mitochondrial function, anti\u2010inflammatory effect, reduction of insulin resistance, and regulation of gut microbiota. It also examines the current efficacy and limitations of curcumin\u2010based combination therapies and their derivatives in the treatment of MASLD. As research on MASLD progresses, curcumin shows great potential for therapeutic applications. Future studies should target long\u2010term impacts, such as subclinical oxidative stress and epigenetic modifications. 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