{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T11:00:52Z","timestamp":1791198052888,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":135,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783900800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783900800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002369","name":"Chongqing University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023CDJYGRH\u2010ZD03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023CDJYGRH\u2010ZD03"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002369","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Phytotherapy Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Lung cancer remains an aggressive and highly prevalent disease worldwide, causing an estimated 1.8 million deaths in 2022 and becoming a leading cause of cancer\u2010related mortality. Resistance to current therapies necessitates novel approaches that target the tumour immune microenvironment (TIME), which is crucial for disease progression. Studies suggest that certain phytochemicals can enhance antitumour immunity by modulating the TIME. This systematic review aimed to elucidate and synthesise the mechanisms by which phytochemicals exert antitumour immunomodulatory effects in lung cancer and to assess their therapeutic potential and translational challenges. We comprehensively reviewed the literature from PubMed, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) until December 2025. Phytochemical mechanisms were analysed and classified based on their chemical structures and specific targets within the TIME. Phytochemicals effectively reprogrammed the immunosuppressive TIME using multi\u2010target strategies. Key actions include the inhibition of immunosuppressive cells\u2014such as myeloid\u2010derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), Treg cells, and M2\u2010polarised macrophages (e.g., via STAT3 downregulation by dihydroisotanshinone I)\u2014activation of effector cells (e.g., NK cells, CD8+ T cells, and M1 macrophages), and the reversal of T helper cell drift (e.g., panaxan and aesculetin). This multipronged modulation offers superior efficacy by enhancing CD8+ T cell responses and overcoming functional exhaustion. This review validates the significant potential of phytochemicals as novel multi\u2010target therapeutic agents for TIME\u2010targeted therapy in lung cancer. Future research should prioritise addressing pharmacological challenges to accelerate rational clinical integration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.70381","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T02:00:48Z","timestamp":1783994448000},"page":"5805-5830","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Targeting\n                    <scp>TIME<\/scp>\n                    With Phytochemicals: A Promising Approach Against Lung Cancer"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3780-020X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Feng","family":"Xiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing Cancer Hospital  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liyue","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing Cancer Hospital  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fangfei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing Cancer Hospital  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1607-9345","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yunnan","family":"Jing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing Cancer Hospital  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7692-3093","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanhua","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing Cancer Hospital  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing Cancer Hospital  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caizhi","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing Cancer Hospital  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingyan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing Cancer Hospital  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8746-0277","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qinxiu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiangchuan","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing Cancer Hospital  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-018-0081-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.122"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2020.107706"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells13242127"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11102264"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI66375"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22136995"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.218341"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/cmi.2011.12"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a037895"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-16-0329"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.19378\/j.issn.1003-9783.2025.09.006"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","first-page":"1925","article-title":"Inhibitory Effect and Mechanism of \n                     Curcuma zedoaria\n                   Polysaccharides on Lewis Lung Cancer in Mice","volume":"35","author":"Chen Z.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Gerontology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","unstructured":"Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology.2025.\u201cGuidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Non\u2010Small Cell Lung Cancer.\u201d"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2024-010962"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1232227"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.15563"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1534735417753544"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","volume-title":"Research on the Anti\u2010Tumor Immune Effects of Flavonoid Glycosides via Downregulation of Immune Checkpoints","author":"Dong J.","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.15495"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.19983\/j.issn.2096-8493.20250023"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-023-06119-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","volume-title":"Study on the Induction of M1 Polarization of Macrophages by Nitraria Tangutorum Bobr. Polysaccharideand Its Effect in Antitumor","author":"Feng J. Y.","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08830185.2024.2333275"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.8482"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12575-015-0026-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2017.01.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-21-1804"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41422-021-00543-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.02.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2024.2439657"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-024-00714-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1916623"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","unstructured":"Howlader N. A. M.Noone M.Krapcho et\u00a0al.2017.\u201cSEER Cancer Statistics Review 1975\u20132014 National Cancer Institute.\u201dhttps:\/\/seer.cancer.gov\/csr\/1975_2014\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.cn112147-20230816-00081"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.202410"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","volume-title":"Systematic Profiling of Lung Cancer Tumor Microenvironment and Discovery of Targeted Traditional Chinese Medicines","author":"Huang C.","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2019.05.045"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.16368\/j.issn.1674-8999.2021.01.031"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","first-page":"2173","article-title":"Effects of Yiqi Yangyin Jiedu Formula and Astragaloside IV on CTLA\u20104\u2010Mediated Immune Escape of Lung Cancer In\u00a0Vitro","volume":"43","author":"Jiang Y.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chinese Traditional Patent Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2022.108114"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01635581.2016.1158295"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-018-4299-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202407388"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2025.1594213"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154508"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-022-01028-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177984"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13863\/j.issn1001-4454.2023.03.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","volume-title":"Systems Pharmacology\u2010Based Elucidation of Epimedium's Mechanism on Pulmonary Tumor Microenvironment","author":"Li Z.","year":"2020"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","article-title":"Study on Anti\u2010Tumor Immunomodulatory Effects and Mechanisms of \n                     Acanthopanax senticosus\n                   Polysaccharides in Lewis Tumor\u2010Bearing Mice","volume":"33","author":"Lijing Z.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.23401"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.16333\/j.1001-6880.2021.1.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13193\/j.issn.1673-7717.2019.10.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_56_1","volume-title":"Molecular Mechanism of Homoharringtonine in Downregulating PD\u2010L1 Expression in Lung Cancer Cells","author":"Liu C.","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2016.07.035"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_11_58_1","first-page":"40","article-title":"Immunomodulatory and Tumor\u2010Inhibitory Effects of Esculetin in Lewis Lung Carcinoma Mice","volume":"37","author":"Liu H.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Northwest Pharmaceutical Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-023-01835-0"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_60_1","first-page":"67","article-title":"Insights Into Antigen Specific CD8+T Cell Exhaustion","volume":"5","author":"Liu J. Q.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomedical Transformation"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2025.11.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_62_1","volume-title":"Preliminary Study on \u03b2\u2010Elemene Inhibiting PKM2 to Modulate Angiogenesis in Lung Cancer and Lung Cancer\u2010Associated Macrophages","author":"Liu W.","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_63_1","volume-title":"Anti\u2010Tumor Immunotherapy of Tubeimoside I via TFEB\u2010Dependent Lysosomal Pathway for PD\u2010L1 Degradation","author":"Liu X.","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2020.06.014"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_11_65_1","first-page":"676","article-title":"Effects of Astragalus polysaccharides on Immune Function in Lung cancer Mice via TLR4\/MyD88\/NF\u2010\u03baB Signaling Pathway and Their Regulatory Role in Th1\/Th2 Balance","volume":"37","author":"Liu Y.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13863\/j.issn1001-4454.2018.06.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0254-6272(15)30076-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1759-7714.15165"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI80005"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_11_70_1","first-page":"842","article-title":"Inhibitory Effect and Mechanism of Poria cocos Polysaccharides on Spontaneous Pulmonary Metastasis in Lewis Lung Carcinoma Mice","volume":"28","author":"Mixia Z.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Drugs & Clinic"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13194846"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2021.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13880209.2020.1865410"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2014.06.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prp.2024.155679"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2011.01.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-022-00620-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_78_1","volume-title":"Extraction, Isolation, and Immunomodulatory Mechanism of \nSolanum nigrum\n Polysaccharides [D]","author":"Pu Y.","year":"2020"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_11_79_1","first-page":"1650","article-title":"Protective Effects of Curcumin Against Radiation\u2010Induced Systemic Damage in Lewis Lung Carcinoma\u2010Bearing Mice","volume":"35","author":"Qian C.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Gerontology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13193\/j.archtcm.2006.04.107.rongw.048"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-19-0221"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2021.08.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1203486"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4268\/cjcmm20100222"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.70024"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2016.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_87_1","volume-title":"Molecular Mechanisms of Ouabain in Regulating PD\u2010L1 Expression in Lung Cancer Cells","author":"Sun Q.","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_88_1","volume-title":"Tanshinone IIA Enhances NK Cell\u2010Mediated Anti\u2010Tumor Effects in Non\u2010Small Cell Lung Cancer: Molecular and Immunological Mechanisms","author":"Sun Y.","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2024.107314"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/biol-2025-1100"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-022-01150-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_93_1","volume-title":"WHO Classification of Tumours of the Lung, Pleura, Thymus and Heart","author":"Travis W. D.","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-019-0235-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.06.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155825"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13241\/j.cnki.pmb.2022.07.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3779\/j.issn.1009-3419.2006.01.20"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1434078"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/604385"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_101_1","volume-title":"Establishment of an Ex\u00a0Vivo NK Cell Expansion System and Investigation of Traditional Chinese Medicine Monomers in Regulating NK Cell Anti\u2010Lung Cancer Function and Mechanisms","author":"Wang X.","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14168\/j.issn.1673-4939.2019.02.05"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12253-018-0545-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BSR20201170"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2017.10.078"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_11_106_1","first-page":"4937","article-title":"Adjuvant Anti\u2010Lung Cancer and Immunomodulatory Effects of Poria cocos Polysaccharides","volume":"35","author":"Wei K.","year":"2020","journal-title":"China Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.18767"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_108_1","volume-title":"Study on Active Components of Scutellaria Baicalensis in Macrophage\u2010Mediated Innate Anti\u2010Tumor Immunity","author":"Xiao Y.","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-018-0878-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_110_1","volume-title":"Regulatory Role and Molecular Mechanisms of p53 Mutation Status in Tumor Microenvironment Inflammatory Responses","author":"Xu L.","year":"2022"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_11_111_1","first-page":"8","article-title":"Research on Anti\u2010Tumor and Immunomodulatory Effects of Yam Polysaccharides on Tumor Mice","volume":"41","author":"Xu Y.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Forum"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13880209.2020.1748661"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_11_113_1","first-page":"1240","article-title":"Research on Ellipticine Promoting NK Cells to Recognize and Kill Non\u2010Small Cell Lung cancer Cells","volume":"36","author":"Xue\u2010Wei Y.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chinese Pharmacological Bulletin"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_114_1","first-page":"37","article-title":"Rhodiola rosea\n                   Glycosides (Salidroside) Enhance T Cell Cytotoxicity Against 3LL Lung Cancer Cells via TLR4\u2010Mediated Dendritic Cell Regulation","volume":"27","author":"Xuewei Z.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Cancer Biotherapy"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.65019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2024.1289957"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_117_1","volume-title":"Mechanism of 6\u2010Gingerol in Regulating Macrophages for Prevention and Treatment of Lung Cancer","author":"Yao J.","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1343316"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14148\/j.issn.1672-0482.2023.0637"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_11_120_1","first-page":"1647","article-title":"Clinical Observation of Astragalus polysaccharide Injection Combined With CIK Cell Therapy in Treating Middle\u2010Late Stage Qi Deficiency Non\u2010Small Cell Lung Cancer","volume":"49","author":"Ying Z.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_121_1","first-page":"226","article-title":"Experimental Study on Tibetan Medicine Rhodiosin Inducing Dendritic Cell Maturation and Enhancing T Cell\u2010Mediated Suppression of Lung Cancer","volume":"35","author":"Yongjun H.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Current Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_122_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf5041096"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_123_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13488\/j.smhx.20240442"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_124_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-014-1744-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_125_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13982\/j.mfst.1673-9078.2023.7.0785"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_126_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2025.124288"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_127_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.6058"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_128_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.16766\/j.cnki.issn.1674-4152.000930"},{"issue":"20","key":"e_1_2_11_129_1","first-page":"2456","article-title":"Vitexin Inhibits Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma Metastasis by Regulating M1\/M2 Macrophage Polarization","volume":"36","author":"Zhao B.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_130_1","volume-title":"Mechanism of Butein in Suppressing PD\u2010L1 Expression and Its Anti\u2010Tumor Effects in Non\u2010Small Cell Lung Cancer","author":"Zhao L.","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_131_1","volume-title":"Effects of Resveratrol on the Quantity and Function of G\u2010MDSCs and Its Role in Anti\u2010Tumor Immunity","author":"Zhao Y.","year":"2018"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_132_1","first-page":"46","article-title":"Research Advances in Metabolic Reprogramming of the Tumor Microenvironment Regulating Exhausted CD8+ T Cells","volume":"3","author":"Zhong J. X.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomedical Transformation"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_11_133_1","first-page":"868","article-title":"Effect of Ginsenoside Rh2 on Immunocompetence of Alveolar Macrophages in Patients With Non\u2010Small Cell Lung cancer","volume":"32","author":"Zhou D. B.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_134_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.609059"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_135_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1129465"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_136_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11418-025-01894-7"}],"container-title":["Phytotherapy Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ptr.70381","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ptr.70381","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ptr.70381","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T10:14:52Z","timestamp":1791195292000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ptr.70381"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]]},"references-count":135,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ptr.70381"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ptr.70381","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0951-418X","1099-1573"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0951-418X","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-1573","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-07-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-11","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-13","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}