{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T11:01:13Z","timestamp":1791198073312,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":192,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785801600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785801600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Phytotherapy Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Various pharmacological properties and therapeutic effects were shown for\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Allium cepa<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      L.\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>Liliaceae<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>A. cepa<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) or onion and its derivatives including their effects on oxidative stress in different conditions. In this article, an update and comprehensive review of antioxidant effects of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>A. cepa<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    and\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>A. cepa<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \u2010associated phytochemicals as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms are provided. The literature on antioxidant effects of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>A. cepa<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    published between 2015 and the end of July 2025 was searched on database like PubMed, WOS, Science direct and Scopus.\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>A. cepa<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    and its constituents showed antioxidant in various conditions such as cardiovascular, endocrine and metabolic, gastrointestinal and liver, immunological, hematological and autoimmune, urogenital, neurologic and respiratory disorders as well as cancer and neoplasia. The antioxidant effects of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>A. cepa<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    and its derivatives were achieved by decreasing lipid peroxidation (LPO), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), inhibiting NADPH oxidase (NOX) activity but enhancing antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH\u2010Px), glutathione peroxidase omega (GSPO), thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), glutathione\u2010\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010transferase (GST) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities and thiol levels. Therefore\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>A. cepa<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    and\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>A. cepa<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \u2010associated phytochemicals showed potent antioxidant effects indicating their possible therapeutic value for treatment of disorders associated with oxidative stress.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.70413","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T04:54:47Z","timestamp":1785905687000},"page":"5853-5885","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["<scp>\n                      <i>Allium cepa<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    And Its\u2010Associated Phytochemicals: Evidence From in Vitro, in Vivo, and Human Studies on Antioxidant Effects"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Mohammad Salar","family":"Boustani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Biomedical Research Center, Basic Sciences Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences  Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Hossein","family":"Eshaghi Ghalibaf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, School of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences  Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sima","family":"Beigoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Biomedical Research Center, Basic Sciences Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences  Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Narges","family":"Ghadimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Biomedical Research Center, Basic Sciences Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences  Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6701-6778","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seyed Mohammad","family":"Sajjadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee Mashhad University of Medical Sciences  Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pejman","family":"Hosseinzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Biomedical Research Center, Basic Sciences Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences  Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahdie","family":"Delshad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Biomedical Research Center, Basic Sciences Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences  Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5736-9755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Hossein","family":"Boskabady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Biomedical Research Center, Basic Sciences Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences  Mashhad Iran"},{"name":"Department of Physiology, School of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences  Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2020.07.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.61186\/cmja.13.4.28"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","first-page":"1971","article-title":"A Hepatonephro\u2010Protective Phenolic\u2010Rich Extract From Red Onion (\n                     Allium cepa\n                   L.) 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