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Modern pharmacological research has demonstrated that bioactive compounds and herbal formulas derived from TCM (e.g., triptolide [TPL] from\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Tripterygium wilfordii<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    and the Xinfeng Capsule [XFC]) effectively interfere with the complex pathogenesis of RA. These interventions modulate diverse pathological processes, including the suppression of pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF\u2010\u03b1, IL\u20106, and IL\u20101\u03b2), induction of apoptosis in hyperplastic synovial cells, and regulation of novel cell death pathways (such as ferroptosis and pyroptosis). Furthermore, TCM components exhibit potent antioxidant properties, inhibit pathological angiogenesis, ameliorate hypercoagulable states, and restore gut microbiota dysbiosis, which is increasingly recognized as a key environmental factor in RA development. Notably, emerging evidence highlights the critical role of non\u2010coding RNAs (ncRNAs) as mediators of these therapeutic effects. Concurrently, a growing body of clinical evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs), cohort studies, and real\u2010world data mining consistently confirms the significant efficacy and safety of TCM interventions in relieving RA symptoms, improving joint function, and reducing disease activity. By integrating preclinical and clinical findings, a robust evidence chain emerges, validating traditional TCM concepts through modern scientific rigor. Therefore, TCM represents a valuable resource for RA drug discovery and integrative treatment strategies. Further in\u2010depth investigation is needed into its specific molecular targets, optimal formulations, and long\u2010term clinical outcomes to facilitate its global translation and application.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.70429","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T08:16:27Z","timestamp":1787040987000},"page":"6005-6042","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Therapeutic Properties and Underlying Mechanisms of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Managing Rheumatoid Arthritis: An Integrative Review of Clinical and Molecular Findings"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2757-8462","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianting","family":"Wen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine  Hefei Anhui China"},{"name":"Institute of Rheumatology Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine  Hefei Anhui China"},{"name":"Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine Department of Internal Medicine Application Foundation Research and Development  Hefei Anhui China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3101-7553","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jian","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine  Hefei Anhui China"},{"name":"Institute of Rheumatology Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine  Hefei Anhui China"},{"name":"Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine Department of Internal Medicine Application Foundation Research and Development  Hefei Anhui China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7855-0422","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lei","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine  Hefei Anhui China"},{"name":"Institute of Rheumatology Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine  Hefei Anhui China"},{"name":"Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine Department of Internal Medicine Application Foundation Research and Development  Hefei Anhui China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1824-9213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fanfan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine  Hefei Anhui China"},{"name":"Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine Department of Internal Medicine Application Foundation Research and Development  Hefei Anhui China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine  Hefei Anhui China"},{"name":"Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine Department of Internal Medicine Application Foundation Research and Development  Hefei Anhui China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.200367"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157134"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13020-025-01164-4"},{"issue":"18","key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","first-page":"5006","article-title":"Wangbi Tablets Reduce Inflammation in Rat Model of Collagen\u2010Induced Arthritis With Syndrome of Kidney Deficiency by Regulating cGAS\u2010STING Signaling Pathway","volume":"49","author":"Bian Y. 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