{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T02:14:22Z","timestamp":1788315262479,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":144,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Phytotherapy Research"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Ruta graveolens<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    L. is widely used in traditional European, Asian, African, and South American medicine for digestive, nervous, cardiovascular, respiratory, and reproductive disorders. Despite its long\u2010standing ethnomedical relevance, the translation into evidence\u2010based phytotherapy remains limited due to fragmented pharmacological data and well\u2010documented safety concerns. This review critically synthesizes ethnomedical use, phytochemical composition, pharmacological activities, and toxicological risks of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>R. graveolens<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    , aiming to evaluate its therapeutic potential and identify key research gaps. A systematic search and critical analysis were conducted following PRISMA guidelines using PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. Ethnomedicinal data were reviewed without time limits, while phytochemical and pharmacological studies published between 2014 and 2025 were analysed in detail. More than 160 compounds (including furanocoumarins, alkaloids, flavonoids, and others) have been identified by HPLC, CC, GC\u2013MS, and NMR methods, of which 38 are characteristic markers. The plant exhibits a wide spectrum of activity, from antimicrobial to antitumor. However, due to the content of furanocoumarins and alkaloids, the extracts have phototoxic, abortifacient, hepatotoxic, and nephrotoxic effects, which highlights safety concerns in the absence of dosage control. Although\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>R. graveolens<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    represents a chemically diverse source of bioactive compounds with promising pharmacological potential, its integration into modern phytotherapy requires rigorous toxicological evaluation, extract standardization, and well\u2010designed preclinical and clinical studies. Future research should prioritize development of standardized extracts with defined phytochemical profiles, comprehensive dose\u2010dependent toxicological assessment, and translational studies bridging experimental findings with clinical applications with particular attention to safe therapeutic windows and less toxic bioactive constituents.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.70434","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T01:31:37Z","timestamp":1788312697000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["<scp>\n                      <i>Ruta graveolens<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    L. in Evidence\u2010Based Phytotherapy: Pharmacological Activities, Bioactive Compounds and Safety"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-4085-0982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tetiana","family":"Serhiienko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry National University of Pharmacy  Kharkiv Ukraine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8794-8010","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victoriya","family":"Georgiyants","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry National University of Pharmacy  Kharkiv Ukraine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5390-2161","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liudas","family":"Ivanauskas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Analytical and Toxicological Chemistry Lithuanian University of Health Sciences  Kaunas Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3822-8409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olha","family":"Mykhailenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry National University of Pharmacy  Kharkiv Ukraine"},{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Biology Kiel University  Kiel Germany"},{"name":"Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy UCL School of Pharmacy  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_16_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26717\/bjstr.2021.40.006428"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26717\/bjstr.2023.48.007602"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22159\/ijpps.2017v9i2.15790"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.19026\/ijava.6.5624"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40659\u2010015\u20100017\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12081580"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fitote.2021.105094"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-024-1552-0","volume-title":"Medicinal and Aromatic Plants of South America","author":"Albuquerque U. 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