{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T00:02:44Z","timestamp":1789516964504,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789430400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Phytotherapy Research"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Secondary neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, driven partly by maladaptive microglial activation, limit recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI). We investigated whether hinokitiol promotes neural repair and whether nuclear factor erythroid 2\u2010related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling mediates its effects. Male C57BL\/6J mice received T10 contusive SCI and intraperitoneal vehicle or hinokitiol (20\u2009mg\/kg once daily for 7\u2009days, starting 6\u2009h after injury). Locomotor, electrophysiological, histological, and single\u2010nucleus transcriptomic outcomes were evaluated. In\u00a0vitro, lipopolysaccharide\u2010challenged BV2 microglia, BV2\u2013HT22 indirect cocultures, and pharmacological Nrf2 inhibition with ML385 were used to examine inflammatory, oxidative, and neuronal apoptosis outcomes. Hinokitiol improved locomotor and motor\u2010evoked potential outcomes; reduced lesion cavitation, collagen deposition, neuronal loss, demyelination, and astroglial activation; and shifted microglia from inflammatory\/oxidative programs toward repair\u2010associated states. Hinokitiol reduced tumor necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1, interleukin\u20101\u03b2, interleukin\u20106, inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase\u20102, and NADPH oxidases 2\/4 in spinal cord tissue and BV2 cells. Hinokitiol\u2010pretreated microglia reduced HT22 apoptosis in coculture. Hinokitiol decreased Kelch\u2010like ECH\u2010associated protein 1 and increased Nrf2 and heme oxygenase\u20101, whereas ML385 attenuated these effects and restored inflammatory and oxidative responses. Hinokitiol supports neural repair after SCI by reprogramming microglial inflammatory\u2010redox states, at least partly through Nrf2 signaling. These findings justify further pharmacokinetic, sex\u2010inclusive, and long\u2010term safety studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.70447","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T23:19:51Z","timestamp":1789514391000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Hinokitiol Promotes Neural Repair After Spinal Cord Injury by Reprogramming Microglial Inflammatory and Redox Responses"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Wenhao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated Nantong Clinical College of Nantong University Nantong First People's Hospital  Nantong Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Spine and Spinal Cord Disease of Nantong University Nantong First People's Hospital  Nantong Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianyi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated Nantong Clinical College of Nantong University Nantong First People's Hospital  Nantong Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-4969-0012","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qihao","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated Nantong Clinical College of Nantong University Nantong First People's Hospital  Nantong Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiawen","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Spine and Spinal Cord Disease of Nantong University Nantong First People's Hospital  Nantong Jiangsu 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