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Recently, cosmetics containing herbal and botanical ingredients have attracted many interests for consumers of cosmetic products because these preparations are found safer than other preparations with synthetic components. However, high\u2010quality trial studies in larger samples are needed to confirm safety and clinical efficacy of phytotherapeutic agents with high therapeutic index. Arbutin (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2010hydroxyphenyl\u2010\u03b2\u2010<jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>\u2010glucopyranoside) is a bioactive hydrophilic polyphenol with two isomers including alpha\u2010arbutin (4\u2010hydroxyphenyl\u2010\u03b1\u2010glucopyranoside) and \u03b2\u2010arbutin (4\u2010hydroxyphenyl\u2010\u03b2\u2010glucopyranoside). It is used as a medicinal plant in phytopharmacy. Studies have shown that alpha\u2010arbutin is 10 times more effective than natural arbutin. A comparison of IC50 values showed that \u03b1\u2010arbutin (with concentration 2.0\u2009mM) has a more potent inhibitory activity on human tyrosinase against natural arbutin (with higher concentration than 30\u2009mM). A review of recent studies showed that arbutin could be beneficial in treatment of various diseases such as hyperpigmentation disorders, types of cancers, central nervous system disorders, osteoporosis, diabetes, etc. This study was designed to describe the therapeutic efficiencies of arbutin.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.7076","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,16]],"date-time":"2021-03-16T12:42:18Z","timestamp":1615898538000},"page":"4136-4154","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":127,"title":["A comprehensive review of the therapeutic potential of \u03b1\u2010arbutin"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Majid","family":"Saeedi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Hemoglobinopathy Institute Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences  Sari Iran"},{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences  Sari Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4671-985X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khadijeh","family":"Khezri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deputy of Food and Drug Administration Urmia University of Medical Sciences  Urmia Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abbas","family":"Seyed Zakaryaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Urmia University of Medical Sciences  Urmia Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hassan","family":"Mohammadamini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Khoy University of Medical Sciences  Khoy Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_17_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2011.03.006"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_17_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.1363","article-title":"Plants used in cosmetics","volume":"17","author":"Aburjai T.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Phytotherapy Research: An International Journal Devoted to Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluation of Natural Product Derivatives"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.11.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0923-1811(03)00039-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.13779"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molstruc.2010.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2020.119508"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13346-018-0508-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1473-2165.2008.00387.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2013.03.090"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9070579"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_13_1","first-page":"582","article-title":"A re\u2010examination of the Raper's scheme: Cyclodopa as a biological precursor of eumelanin","volume":"47","author":"Bourquelot E.","year":"1895","journal-title":"CR Society Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.2007.00226.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2490-14-53"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-7158.1994.tb03253.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215519829797"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-018-4514-5"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_17_19_1","first-page":"129","article-title":"Natural resources containing arbutin. 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