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Surgery is the first\u2010line therapy for most of PAs, but lead to unsatisfactory prognosis in some cases. Tetrandrine (Tet) has anticancer effect on some cancers. However, growth inhibition effect on PA is unknown. To elucidate the inhibitory effect of Tet on the growth of PA and its potential mechanisms, we validated the in vitro and in vivo anti\u2010PA effect of Tet and illustrated the cellular and molecular alterations by confocal microscopy observation, flow cytometry, and RNA interference. Tet inhibited PA cell growth in vitro and tumor progression in vivo. Tet induced autophagy and apoptosis in a dose\u2010dependent manner. Low dosage (1.25\u2009\u03bcM) of Tet induced PA cell autophagy by down\u2010regulation of MAPK\/STAT3 signal. While, higher dosage (5.0\u00a0\u03bcM) of Tet partially induced PA cell death through caspase\u2010dependent apoptosis. Autophagy inhibitors enhanced Tet\u2010induced caspase activity and apoptotic cell death. These findings demonstrated that Tet has anti\u2010PA effect by inducing autophagy and apoptosis through MAPK\/STAT3 signaling pathway attenuation and autophagy inhibition might enhance its anti\u2010PA effect, indicating that Tet (or combined with autophagy inhibitor) is a potential therapeutic regimen for PAs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.7117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,26]],"date-time":"2021-05-26T13:39:38Z","timestamp":1622036378000},"page":"4007-4021","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Autophagy inhibition enhances anti\u2010pituitary adenoma effect of tetrandrine"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Liang","family":"Lyu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Pituitary Adenoma Multidisciplinary Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University Chengdu 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