{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T17:38:18Z","timestamp":1782409098942,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,25]],"date-time":"2022-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669334400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82003947"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82003947"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004863","name":"Zhejiang Chinese Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004863","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Phytotherapy Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Euphorbia pekinensis<\/jats:italic> (EP) is a commonly used Chinese medicine treating edema with potential hepatorenal toxicity. However, its toxic mechanism and prevention are remained to be explored. Oleanolic acid (OA) is a triterpene acid with potential hepatorenal protective activities. We investigated the protective effect and potential mechanism of OA on EP\u2010induced hepatorenal toxicity. In this study, rats were given total diterpenes from EP (TDEP, 16\u2009mg\/kg) combined with OA (10, 20, 40\u2009mg\/kg) by gavage for 4\u2009weeks. The results showed that TDEP administration could lead to a 3\u20134\u2010fold increasement in hepatorenal biochemical parameters with histopathological injuries, while OA treatment could ameliorate them in a dose\u2010dependent manner. At microbial and metabolic levels, intestinal flora and host metabolism were perturbed after TDEP administration. The disturbance of bile acid metabolism was the most significant metabolic pathway, with secondary bile acids increasing while conjugated bile acids decreased. OA treatment can improve the disorder of intestinal flora and metabolic bile acid spectrum. Further correlation analysis screened out that <jats:italic>Escherichia\u2010Shigella<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Phascolarctobacterium<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Acetatifactor<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Akkermansia<\/jats:italic> were closely related to the bile acid metabolic disorder. In conclusion, oleanolic acid could prevent hepatorenal toxicity induced by EP by regulating bile acids metabolic disorder via intestinal flora improvement.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.7673","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,25]],"date-time":"2022-11-25T11:11:00Z","timestamp":1669374660000},"page":"4877-4892","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Integrated gut microbiota and serum metabolomics reveal the protective effect of oleanolic acid on liver and kidney\u2010injured rats induced by <i>Euphorbia pekinensis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6160-1198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kuilong","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang Chinese Medical University  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaofen","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang Chinese Medical University  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiyuan","family":"Shan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang Chinese Medical University  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang Chinese Medical University  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Lyu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang Chinese Medical University  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lichuang","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang Chinese Medical University  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang Chinese Medical University  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang Chinese Medical University  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang Chinese Medical University  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianan","family":"Sang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang Chinese Medical University  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengyun","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang Chinese Medical University  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5643-8920","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Min","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang Chinese Medical University  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang Chinese Medical University  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2021.05.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-019-05581-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30690"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30499"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.01249"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17060850"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2017.05.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/6894751"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-018-1756-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2012.08.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201901080R"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2020.578799"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-019-03155-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2021.111570"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e4000"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.02.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2021.113725"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21061986"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","first-page":"1401","article-title":"Gut microbiota in renal transplant recipients, patients with chronic kidney disease and healthy subjects","volume":"38","author":"Guirong Y. E.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apjtm.2016.05.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.10.104"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-019-01649-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-019-01138-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2017.119"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","first-page":"108","volume-title":"The Dictionary of the Traditional Chinese Medicine","author":"Jiangsu College of New Medicine","year":"1977"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1978.104"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.02.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8060907"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.02.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.07.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-020-03645-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13880209.2018.1435697"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/0886022X.2012.678172"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb.13.165"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","first-page":"582","article-title":"Effect of probiotics on human blood urea levels in patients with chronic renal failure","volume":"29","author":"Miranda Alatriste P. V.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nutrici\u00f3n Hospitalaria"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.034588"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2019.110676"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104617"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1185\/03007990903069249"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202001936"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20110184"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(82)80326-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0026287"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2020.05.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfs133"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00161.2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2012.345"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","article-title":"Chitosan ameliorates DSS\u2010induced ulcerative colitis mice by enhancing intestinal barrier function and improving microflora","volume":"20","author":"Wang J.","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","article-title":"Laxative effects of total diterpenoids extracted from the roots of Euphorbia pekinensis are attributable to alterations of aquaporins in the colon","volume":"22","author":"Wang K.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/prp2.765"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2019-319766"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2019.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00008-07"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_56_1","first-page":"193","article-title":"Influence of dietary fiber on chronic kidney disease Base on the gut\u2010kidney axis theory","volume":"45","author":"Xie X.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.1c02257"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2019.01.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2015.11.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2021.122728"}],"container-title":["Phytotherapy Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ptr.7673","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ptr.7673","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ptr.7673","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,21]],"date-time":"2024-10-21T03:17:02Z","timestamp":1729480622000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ptr.7673"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,25]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ptr.7673"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ptr.7673","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0951-418X","1099-1573"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0951-418X","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-1573","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-04-18","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-10-02","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-11-25","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}