{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T22:06:58Z","timestamp":1791670018480,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,19]],"date-time":"2023-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692403200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Challenges"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cholera is a recurring issue in Nigeria, with outbreaks predominantly affecting the Northern states. In 2021, Nigeria experienced its most significant cholera epidemic in a decade, resulting in thousands of fatalities and cases. The spread of cholera and other waterborne diseases in Nigeria is linked to various factors such as flooding, conflict, and water scarcity. The country's poor drinking water quality and lack of equitable access to clean water exacerbate the problem, particularly in the conflict\u2010affected areas of the North. This paper discusses the interaction of conflict\u2010related displacement, water shortages, and cholera transmission in Northern Nigeria and provides insights into how these factors impact water resources and public health. This information can inform initiatives and policies to reduce the impact of conflict on water resources and enhance access to clean water in impacted areas. The article suggests that the primary challenges in eliminating cholera in the region include a lack of information due to severe security situations, bureaucratic requirements for delivering essential supplies, and a chronic shortage of water. A successful response to cholera in conflict and displacement situations also requires community engagement and the security and safety of humanitarian personnel. Long\u2010term solutions to the uprisings in the region are necessary to put an end to the issues related to banditry and insurgency.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/puh2.118","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,19]],"date-time":"2023-08-19T14:53:59Z","timestamp":1692456839000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The interplay among conflict, water scarcity, and cholera in Northern Nigeria"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"2","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0642-6902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bashar Haruna","family":"Gulumbe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology Faculty of Science Federal University Birnin\u2010Kebbi  Birnin Kebbi Kebbi Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1074-7920","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zaharadeen Muhammad","family":"Yusuf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science Alqalam University Katsina  Katsina Katsina Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5413-3093","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdullahi Adamu","family":"Faggo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology Bauchi State University  Gadau Bauchi State Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5252-6536","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tajudeen O.","family":"Yahaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of Science Federal University Birnin\u2010Kebbi  Birnin Kebbi Kebbi Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sahabi Sule","family":"Manga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology Kebbi State University of Science and Technology  Aliero Kebbi Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen\u20102022\u2010063703"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/phrs.2022.1604776"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","unstructured":"Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (NCDC).An Update of Cholera outbreak in Nigeria.NCDC;2022. Accessed February 16 2023.https:\/\/www.ncdc.gov.ng\/diseases\/sitreps\/?cat=7&name=An%20update%20of%20Cholera%20outbreak%20in%20Nigeria"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO).Cholera in the WHO African Region: Weekly Regional Cholera Bulletin: 22 March 2023.WHO | Regional Office for Africa;2023. Accessed March 27 2023.https:\/\/www.afro.who.int\/publications\/cholera\u2010who\u2010african\u2010region\u2010weekly\u2010regional\u2010cholera\u2010bulletin\u201015\u2010march\u20102023\u2010cloned"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(04)15749\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21608\/aeji.2023.205724.1286"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","unstructured":"UNICEF.Nearly One Third of Nigerian Children Do Not Have Enough Water to Meet Their Daily Needs.UNICEF;2021. 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IDP Atlas as of October 2022: Mobility Tracking \u2013 North\u2010Central and North\u2010West Nigeria. Accessed: February 16 2023.https:\/\/dtm.iom.int\/sites\/g\/files\/tmzbdl1461\/files\/reports\/IDP%20Atlas%20-%20NCNW_1.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19392206.2013.788410"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","unstructured":"Staff Writer with AF.Who are the \u201cBandits\u201d behind Nigeria's mass kidnappings? The Defense Post; March 4 2021. 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