{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T04:56:56Z","timestamp":1784005016171,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,20]],"date-time":"2023-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700438400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Challenges"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The current Marburg virus (MARV) outbreak in Tanzania served as a stark reminder of the ongoing threat posed by emerging infectious diseases and the urgent need for global health security. The Tanzanian Ministry of Health (MoH) officially declared the outbreak on March 21, 2023. Eight cases in all, five of which included fatalities, have been reported in the country at present. The virus is a member of the Filoviridae family closely related to the widely known Ebola virus. Similar to other filoviruses, MARV causes acute and lethal hemorrhagic fever in both human and nonhuman primates with high case fatality rates ranging from 24% to 90%. The outbreak has highlighted the need for improved disease surveillance and response systems, as well as increased funding for research into emerging infectious diseases. The Tanzanian MoH has deployed a response team to investigate and monitor the transmission in the Kagera Region. The team works closely in collaboration with other organizations, such as the World Health Organization and the Africa Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, to ensure the effective control of the situation. Although there is no vaccine or treatment approved for Marburg virus disease (MVD), supportive management improves survival. Existing infection prevention and control protocols for Ebola and other viral hemorrhagic fevers such as isolation and use of appropriate personal protective equipment can be used to prevent transmission of MVD. The global community must work together to strengthen health systems, enhance research efforts, and build resilient and responsive health systems to prevent future outbreaks of this kind. In this article, we have analyzed the MVD outbreak in Tanzania, specifically in the Bukoba district of the Kagera Region, and provided recommendations for the management of the current outbreak and future outbreaks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/puh2.140","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,21]],"date-time":"2023-11-21T22:37:29Z","timestamp":1700606249000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Marburg virus outbreak in Tanzania: A threat to global health security"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"2","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1671-9584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Majani","family":"Edward","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine St. Francis University College of Health and Allied Sciences  Morogoro Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7531-4213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Godfred Yawson","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Diagnostics Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology  Kumasi Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Withness","family":"John","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine St. Francis University College of Health and Allied Sciences  Morogoro Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martha Ernest","family":"Rajabu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine St. Francis University College of Health and Allied Sciences  Morogoro Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elton","family":"Mahulu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine St. Francis University College of Health and Allied Sciences  Morogoro Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0138-3261","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuaibu","family":"Saidu Musa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing Science Ahmadu Bello University  Zaria Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucero\u2010Prisno III","family":"Don Eliseo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health and Development London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine  London UK"},{"name":"Faculty of Public Health Mahidol University  Bangkok Thailand"},{"name":"Faculty of Management and Development Studies University of the Philippines Open University  Laguna Philippines"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","unstructured":"Africa CDC.Republic of Tanzania Declares Marburg Virus Disease (MVD) Outbreak.Africa CDC;2023. Accessed March 23 2023.https:\/\/africacdc.org\/news\u2010item\/republic\u2010of\u2010tanzania\u2010declares\u2010marburg\u2010virus\u2010disease\u2010mvd\u2010outbreak\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","volume-title":"Marburg Virus Outbreak in Ghana: An Impending Crisis, Annals of Medicine and Surgery (2012)","author":"Wellington J","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","volume-title":"The Lancet Infectious Diseases","author":"Schneider KA","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","volume-title":"Marburg Virus Disease","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","volume-title":"Marburg Virus Pathogenesis\u2014Differences and Similarities in Humans and Animal Models\u2014Virology Journal, SpringerLink","author":"Shifflett K","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","unstructured":"WalshM.Marburg Hemorrhagic Fever [Internet].2012.http:\/\/www.infectionlandscapes.org\/2012\/12\/marburg\u2010hemorrhagic\u2010fever.html"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Marburg (Marburg Virus Disease) [Internet].Centers for Disease Control and Prevention;2023.https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/vhf\/marburg\/index.html"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","unstructured":"WHO.Marburg Virus Disease [Internet].World Health Organization;2017.https:\/\/www.who.int\/docs\/default\u2010source\/documents\/guidelines\/marburg\u2010fact\u2010sheet\u2010en\u201020\u2010oct\u20102017.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Signs and Symptoms [Internet].Centers for Disease Control and Prevention;2021https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/vhf\/marburg\/symptoms\/index.html"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","volume-title":"Health Science Reports","author":"Sohan M","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","article-title":"Times in Tanzania: Kagera Region [Internet]","author":"BenJee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Times in Tanzania"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","unstructured":"WHO Regional Office for Africa [Internet].Marburg Haemorrhagic Fever.World Health Organization;2023.https:\/\/www.afro.who.int\/health\u2010topics\/marburg\u2010haemorrhagic\u2010fever"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.20.263202"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","first-page":"259","article-title":"Emergence of Marburg virus disease in West Africa amid covid\u201019 and Ebola: efforts, challenges, and recommendations to prevent the next public health crisis [Internet]","volume":"8","author":"Lawrence JA","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.What is Global Health Security? [Internet].Centers for Disease Control and Prevention;2022.https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/globalhealth\/security\/what.htm"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Tanzania Confirms First\u2010Ever Outbreak of Marburg Virus Disease [Internet].World Health Organization;2023.https:\/\/www.afro.who.int\/countries\/united\u2010republic\u2010of\u2010tanzania\/news\/tanzania\u2010confirms\u2010first\u2010ever\u2010outbreak\u2010marburg\u2010virus\u2010disease"}],"container-title":["Public Health Challenges"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/puh2.140","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,13]],"date-time":"2024-01-13T16:54:22Z","timestamp":1705164862000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/puh2.140"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,20]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/puh2.140"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/puh2.140","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2769-2450","2769-2450"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2769-2450","type":"print"},{"value":"2769-2450","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-04-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-11-07","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-11-20","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e140"}}