{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T10:08:23Z","timestamp":1753870103168,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,25]],"date-time":"2024-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711324800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":24,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Challenges"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>In Rwanda, health posts (HPs) are intermediary primary care facilities that provide comprehensive primary care services to communities and are located at a reasonable walking distance from people's homes. We assessed the readiness of HPs for Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) services and examined changes in the quality of care for IMCI services between districts that implemented IMCI mentorship program (Nyanza district) and Huye district which it did not.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a prospective cohort study to assess whether there was change in the quality of IMCI care provided at 17 Nyanza HPs 1\u2010year after IMCI mentorship implementation. The readiness of HPs for IMCI was assessed across nine factors, resulting in <jats:italic>essential<\/jats:italic> (all factors) and <jats:italic>desirable<\/jats:italic> (less than seven factors) composite scores. Unpaired <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2010tests were used to measure changes in IMCI quality.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The HPs with IMCI mentorship had an increase in mean desirable (0.7\u20130.89) and essential (0.61\u20130.78) composite scores compared to non\u2010mentored HPs in Huye. The nurses who received mentorship program had improved scores in factors like IMCI training, service package availability, register availability, supportive supervision, and basic equipment availability. Quality improvements in IMCI assessments were observed in vital sign registration, danger sign detection, cough identification, malnutrition screening, and tuberculosis sign identification in the mentored HPs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mentorship of nurses in HPs holds promise for enhancing facility readiness and IMCI service quality. Before expanding clinical mentorship, identified gaps such as staffing, supply chains, and health financing need to be addressed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/puh2.170","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,25]],"date-time":"2024-03-25T16:58:42Z","timestamp":1711385922000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Integrated management of childhood illness in Rwanda: Impact of mentorship on the quality of care in Nyanza and Huye districts"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Alain","family":"Mirindi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IntraHealth International  Kigali Rwanda"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Assumpta Mwali","family":"Kayinamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IntraHealth International  Kigali Rwanda"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amedee Fidele","family":"Ndibaza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IntraHealth International  Kigali Rwanda"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liliane","family":"Uwamahoro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IntraHealth International  Kigali Rwanda"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dieudonne","family":"Ndatimana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IntraHealth International  Kigali Rwanda"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ferdinand","family":"Bikorimana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternal Child and Community Health Division Rwanda Biomedical Centre  Kigali Rwanda"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Mazimpaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IntraHealth International  Kigali Rwanda"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Kalisa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health University of Rwanda  Kigali Rwanda"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","first-page":"7","article-title":"Integrated management of childhood illness by outpatient health workers: technical basis and overview. The WHO working group on guidelines for integrated management of the sick child","volume":"75","author":"Gove S","year":"1997","journal-title":"Bull WHO"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(99)90252\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","unstructured":"UNICEF.UNICEF 2013 Annual Report.2013.http:\/\/www.unicef.org\/publications\/files\/UNICEF_Annual_Report_2013_web_26_June_2014.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","first-page":"363","article-title":"Programmatic pathways to child survival: results of a multi\u2010country evaluation of integrated management of childhood illness","volume":"20","author":"Bryce J","year":"2005","journal-title":"Health Policy Plan"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD01288"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0066030"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)17311-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010123.pub2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild\u20102013\u2010305863"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-14-275"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","unstructured":"USAID MCSP.An Alternative to Classroom\u2010Based Health Worker Training in Rwanda MCSP. Rwanda Case Study.USAID;2018."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","unstructured":"Ministry of Health Rwanda.Fourth Health Sector Strategic Plan July 2018\u2010June 2024.Ministry of Health;2018."},{"volume-title":"National Guidelines for Establishment and Functionality of Health Posts in Rwanda","year":"2022","author":"MOH Rwanda","key":"e_1_2_12_14_1"},{"volume-title":"Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey 2019\u201320 Key Indicators Report","year":"2020","author":"National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda (NISR) [Rwanda], Ministry of Health (MOH) [Rwanda], and ICF","key":"e_1_2_12_15_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4081\/gh.2017.450"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913\u2010021\u201006909\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/heapol\/czx154"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3402\/gha.v8.28365"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh\u20102020\u2010003377"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-020-05444-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"PetersDH El\u2010SahartyS eds.Improving health service delivery in developing countries: from evidence to action.World Bank Publications;2009.","DOI":"10.1596\/978-0-8213-7888-5"}],"container-title":["Public Health Challenges"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/puh2.170","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,6]],"date-time":"2025-06-06T17:57:13Z","timestamp":1749232633000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/puh2.170"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/puh2.170"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/puh2.170","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2769-2450","2769-2450"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2769-2450"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2769-2450"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-07-17","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-02-16","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-03-25","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e170"}}