{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T22:10:15Z","timestamp":1758665415512,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,11]],"date-time":"2025-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754870400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Challenges"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mpox (formerly\u2014monkeypox) is the second viral pit break after COVID\u201019. It is a zoonotic viral illness caused by an <jats:italic>orthopox virus<\/jats:italic> belonging to the same genus as various cowpox and vaccinia viruses. The mpox virus has two clades, clade IIb, responsible for the disease's global expansion in 2022. The virus can be isolated from rodents, squirrels, and dormice; however, the actual reservoir is unknown. Animal\u2010to\u2010human and human\u2010to\u2010human transmission can occur through noninvasive as well as invasive routes. The disease is more prevalent among homosexuals and injectable drug users, as long\u2010term contact is required for transmission. The disease typically presents with fever, myalgia, rash, and lymphadenopathy following an incubation period of 1\u20132 weeks. Skin lesions are considered preferred diagnostic specimen, with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) remaining the gold standard for confirming diagnosis. Symptomatic treatment antipyretics, antihistamines, and warm baths are given. Oral and intravenous antivirals like tecovirimat and cidofovir are used only in emergency settings, as the clinical trials on their efficacy are still in progress. Vaccinia intravenous immunoglobulins IVIG can be used in immunocompromised individuals. ACAM 2000, IMVAMUNE, and Dryvax are the available vaccines. Non\u2010pharmacological interventions like hand hygiene, social distancing, and personal protective equipment can significantly reduce viral transmission, whereas early diagnosis can limit the prevalence by providing timely public health interventions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/puh2.70103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,11]],"date-time":"2025-08-11T13:54:21Z","timestamp":1754920461000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Role of Public Health Interventions and Control Measures During Mpox Outbreaks: Enhancing Strategies for Disease Prevention and Management"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6878-2031","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Shaheer Bin","family":"Faheem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Karachi Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS)  Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed Ali","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Foundation University Medical College  Islamabad Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qasra","family":"Faheem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Karachi Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS)  Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hafiza Qurat Ul","family":"Ain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CMH Multan Institute of Medical Sciences  Multan Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wajiha","family":"Imam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CMH Multan Institute of Medical Sciences  Multan Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yusra","family":"Aimen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CMH Multan Institute of Medical Sciences  Multan Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raheel","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imperial College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_16_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.1088471"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed7100283"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1076251"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_5_1","unstructured":"CDC Mpox in the United States and Around the World: Current Situation | Mpox(CDC) (2025) https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/mpox\/situation\u2010summary\/index.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_16_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)02075-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_7_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Mpox (formerly known as monkeypox): fact sheet [Internet]. 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