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Today, it carries a wide range of suspended particles and pollutants originating from both natural phenomena\u2014such as dust storms and volcanic activity\u2014and anthropogenic sources like vehicle emissions and various human activities. Particulate matter in the air is often classified by size, including PM\n                    <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                    , PM\n                    <jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>\n                    , and ultrafine particles, but particle size alone does not determine their behavior or impact. Other important characteristics, including surface area, chemical and biological composition, aspect ratio, and electric charge, also play a critical role in how these particles interact with living systems and the environment. These pollutants, especially with long\u2010term exposure, pose serious threats to human health, ecosystems, and the environment. Recent advances in microfluidic technologies have enabled more precise assessment of air pollutant toxicity and exposure effects on human tissues. Among these, organ\u2010on\u2010a\u2010chip (OoC) devices are particularly valuable for measuring the toxicity of pollutants on various human tissues and for quantifying the pollutant. In this article, in addition to extensively reviewing the fundamentals and recent developments in the field of aerosol pollutants, we present a simple mathematical explanation demonstrating how surface area plays a significant role in the interaction of biological molecules or chemicals with surfaces. A promising approach involves collecting data from ground\u2010based and satellite monitoring and integrating it into predictive models, which may help in understanding and identifying potential air pollution sources and mitigating exposure.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/puh2.70134","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T15:26:20Z","timestamp":1758900380000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Aerosol Pollutants and Health: Role of Size and Chemical Composition"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6747-0408","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samar","family":"Damiati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry Department, College of Sciences University of Sharjah Sharjah UAE"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-8394-4507","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Buthaina A.","family":"AlMashrea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry Department, College of Sciences University of Sharjah Sharjah UAE"},{"name":"Chemical Analysis Laboratories Section, Dubai Central Laboratory Department Dubai Municipality  Dubai UAE"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nima","family":"Rabiei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering and Natural Sciences International University of Sarajevo  Sarajevo Bosnia and Herzegovina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anju Prakasan","family":"Sujatha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research &amp; Development, Bee'ah \u2013 Sharjah Environment Company  Sharjah UAE"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6197-7737","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dana Khdr","family":"Sabir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Science Charmo University  Chamchamal Kurdistan Region Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamad","family":"Alhosani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research &amp; Development, Bee'ah \u2013 Sharjah Environment Company  Sharjah UAE"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9417-8894","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rimantas","family":"Kodzius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vilniaus kolegija \/ Higher Education Institution  Vilnius Lithuania"},{"name":"Health Care Faculty, Siauliu valstybine kolegija \/ Higher Education Institution  Siauliai Lithuania"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich  Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","unstructured":"UNECE \u201cAir \u201dUnited Nations Economic Commission for Europe accessed February 10 2025 https:\/\/unece.org\/environmental\u2010policy\u20101\/air."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO) \u201cAir Pollution \u201d (World Health Organization Retrieved February 18 2025) https:\/\/www.who.int\/health\u2010topics\/air\u2010pollution."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","unstructured":"World Bank \u201cPollution \u201d (World Bank Retrieved February 18 2025 https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/topic\/pollution."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","unstructured":"OECD \u201cAir Pollution \u201dOECD accessed February 18 2025 https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/en\/topics\/air\u2010pollution.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.882569"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.175696"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2022.3221119"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661\u2010023\u201011408\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.133948"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2023.104579"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.1601530"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","first-page":"103","article-title":"Carbon Monoxide Poisoning","volume":"24","author":"Kao L. 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