{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T04:12:41Z","timestamp":1793851961094,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761264000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Challenges"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Smartphone use is increasingly common among adolescents, but its impact on academic performance, health, and well\u2010being in rural Bangladesh is poorly understood. This study explored usage patterns, purposes, and potential effects among rural adolescents.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To explore smartphone usage patterns, purposes of use, and associated health and lifestyle effects among secondary school students in a rural region of Bangladesh.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cross\u2010sectional study was conducted among secondary school students in a village of Chandpur district. Data were collected using a self\u2010reported structured questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 22.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among the participants, 60% were male and 40% female; most were in Grade 10 (33.33%). Daily smartphone use was high, with 43.33% using smartphones for 3\u20135\u00a0h and 21.67% for over 5\u00a0h. Entertainment (45%) and communication (22%) were primary uses, whereas only 18.33% used smartphones for study. Facebook (61.67%) and TikTok (56.67%) were most popular. Educational app use was limited, with 81.67% not using any academic apps; YouTube and Zoom were most common among users. Over half (55%) engaged in extra non\u2010academic activities, including online gaming (61.67%). Outdoor activity was limited, and 65% reported being scolded for smartphone use. Common health complaints included decreased concentration (63.33%), headaches (41.67%), vision problems (38.33%), poor academic performance (33.33%), decreased sleep (23.33%), and back pain (21.67%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Smartphone use is widespread among rural Bangladeshi adolescents, mainly for entertainment and communication, with limited academic engagement. High usage is associated with concentration and health issues. Larger studies and interventions promoting digital literacy and healthy smartphone habits are needed to optimize benefits and minimize risks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/puh2.70158","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T07:15:42Z","timestamp":1761290142000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Exploring Smartphone Use Among Secondary School Students in a Rural School in Bangladesh: A Cross\u2010Sectional Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-3908-2423","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salma","family":"Afroz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Neurology National Institute of Neuroscience  Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali Saifullah","family":"Sajib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Directorate General of Health Services  Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faysal","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiac Surgery National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases  Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arjun Kumar","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases  Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masood\u2010Ur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Dhaka Medical College and Hospital  Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/35540"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","volume-title":"Teens, Social media and Technology 2018","author":"Anderson M.","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.388"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31305\/rrijm.2025.v10.n3.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbe2.229"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","first-page":"65","article-title":"Use and Addiction of Smartphone in Adolescence Students in Bangladesh: Social Networking and Gaming Service","volume":"50","author":"Mondal S. K.","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31958\/jaf.v11i2.10548"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijedro.2024.100344"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2024.1260565"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1252371"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","first-page":"45","article-title":"Association Between Screen Time and Health\u2010Related Quality of Life: Testing the Displacement and Relational Hypotheses in a Prospective Cohort Study","volume":"12","author":"Lo C. K. M.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jehp.jehp_447_23"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.62673\/JDIU.V13N1.A2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"E\u2010Reading Adoption and Digital Literacy in Rural Bangladesh: Overcoming Barriers and Improving Educational Outcomes","volume":"20","author":"Munira S.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Userhub Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15620\/cdc\/168509"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/747641"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","first-page":"45","article-title":"Smartphone Addiction and Its Impact on Academic Performance and Health among Adolescents in Kotalipara Upazila, Gopalganj, Bangladesh","volume":"10","author":"Haq M. T.","year":"2024","journal-title":"International Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2021.4334"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2020.02.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12738\/jestp.2020.1.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2019.112686"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780190874698.001.0001"}],"container-title":["Public Health Challenges"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/puh2.70158","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T05:34:30Z","timestamp":1766986470000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/puh2.70158"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/puh2.70158"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/puh2.70158","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2769-2450","2769-2450"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2769-2450","type":"print"},{"value":"2769-2450","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-06-09","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-10-14","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-10-24","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70158"}}