{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T16:34:04Z","timestamp":1785515644766,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776038400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776038400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Challenges"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Work\u2010related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) represent a notable public health issue among ready\u2010made garment (RMG) workers, especially in developing countries where ergonomic hazards are frequently neglected. This study sought to evaluate the prevalence, risk factors, and ergonomic hazards related to WMSDs among RMG laborers in Bangladesh.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross\u2010sectional study was carried out involving 656 RMG laborers from Savar and Gazipur, Bangladesh. Data were gathered through the use of the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) and the Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) instrument. Demographic, occupational, and ergonomic variables were examined through chi\u2010square tests and logistic regression analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The high prevalence over the past 12 months was observed in lower back pain at 39.5%, followed by neck pain at 33.5% and ankle pain at 33.5%. Female employees, those engaged in needlework activities, and individuals working overtime or maintaining extended periods of seated posture exhibited significantly higher likelihood of developing WMSDs. Among the REBA subsample (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a043), more than 53% were classified as high or very high ergonomic risk. Significant correlations were identified between WMSDs and variables including gender, work section, posture, overtime, and work experience (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>WMSDs are extensively prevalent among Bangladeshi RMG laborers, with ergonomic and occupational factors serving as key contributors. Immediate ergonomic interventions, policy modifications, and worker education are essential to mitigate WMSD risks and enhance worker health and productivity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/puh2.70237","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T14:39:53Z","timestamp":1776091193000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Assessment of Work\u2010Related Musculoskeletal Disorders and Ergonomic Risk Factors Among RMG Workers Using REBA and NMQ: A Public Health Study in Savar and Gazipur, Bangladesh"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Md. Mehedi","family":"Hasan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Daffodil International University  Savar, Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jannatul Hayat","family":"Rima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Daffodil International University  Savar, Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hafsa Hasan","family":"Jannat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Daffodil International University  Savar, Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md. Yeasir Arafath","family":"Jisan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Daffodil International University  Savar, Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md. Nazmul Haque","family":"Nayem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Daffodil International University  Savar, Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md. Mejbah Uddin","family":"Mithu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Daffodil International University  Savar, Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18203\/2394\u20106040.ijcmph20233483"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5937\/tekstind2202061d"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The Impact of Serum Vitamin D Levels on the Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Garment Workers in Bangladesh: A Cross\u2010Sectional Study","volume":"3","author":"Dey S.","year":"2024","journal-title":"International Clinical and Medical Case Reports Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R. K.Saha M.Mamun S.Hossain et\u00a0al. \u201cAnalyzing Ergonomic Factors Influencing Productivity in Bangladeshi Garment Industry Using Fuzzy ANP Method \u201d inProceedings of the International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management(IEOM Society International 2025) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.46254\/ba07.20240093.","DOI":"10.46254\/BA07.20240093"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17350\/HJSE19030000225"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ATMPH.ATMPH_107_17"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0293542"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15406\/mojph.2020.09.00334"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s43161\u2010024\u201000204\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.29328\/journal.jnpr.1001051"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.56726\/IRJMETS52133"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0200122"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/RMHP.S297228"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su11071951"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104\u2010018\u20103440\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15226\/2374\u20106904\/5\/2\/00173"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","article-title":"Work\u2010Related Musculoskeletal Disorder an Increasing Concern in Garment Industry","volume":"47","author":"Saha R.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Advanced Zoology"}],"container-title":["Public Health Challenges"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/puh2.70237","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/puh2.70237","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/puh2.70237","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T05:10:02Z","timestamp":1784265002000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/puh2.70237"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/puh2.70237"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/puh2.70237","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2769-2450","2769-2450"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2769-2450","type":"print"},{"value":"2769-2450","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-12-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-03","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-13","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70237"}}