{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T06:02:59Z","timestamp":1784268179783,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777334400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777334400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Challenges"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The increasing reliance on digital devices in modern workplaces has raised significant concerns about computer vision syndrome (CVS), particularly among professionals in screen\u2010intensive environments, like the banking sector. Despite its widespread prevalence, limited research exists on CVS within the Bangladeshi banking sector. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of CVS among bank employees in Bangladesh and to evaluate the key demographic, occupational, and environmental risk factors associated with its occurrence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross\u2010sectional study was conducted using a structured, self\u2010administered questionnaire. The required sample size was calculated a prior based on an expected prevalence of 85.2%, a 5% margin of error, and a 95% confidence level, resulting in a target sample of 201 Bangladeshi bank employees. The presence of CVS was determined using the validated CVS\u2010Q tool. Descriptive statistics were conducted to summarize demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of the study participants. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify significant predictors of CVS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prevalence of CVS among participants was 55.2%. The most reported symptoms were headache (79%), burning eyes (63%), and eye pain (52%). Logistic regression analysis revealed that increased daily computer use (odds ratios [OR]: 2.05; 95% CI: 1.07\u20134.83) and very bright monitor (OR: 113; 95% CI: 1.88\u201318,710) were significantly associated with higher odds of CVS. Conversely, larger family size (OR: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.39\u20130.92), higher weekly overtime (OR: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.60\u20130.91), and number of leave days taken for eye problems (OR: 0.03; 95% CI: 0.00\u20130.41) were associated with reduced odds of CVS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CVS is a prevalent occupational health concern among Bangladeshi bank employees, driven by modifiable factors such as screen brightness and prolonged computer use. Findings underscore the need for ergonomic interventions, regular eye screening, and educational measures to mitigate CVS and promote workplace well\u2010being.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/puh2.70259","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T15:09:43Z","timestamp":1777388983000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prevalence and Risk Factors of Computer Vision Syndrome Among Bankers in Bangladesh"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-1708-0391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bodrunnahar","family":"Barna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Credit Information Bureau Bangladesh Bank, Head Office  Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md. Azad","family":"Uddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Credit Information Bureau Bangladesh Bank, Head Office  Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marzia","family":"Shormin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Credit Information Bureau Bangladesh Bank, Head Office  Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-2969-5413","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md. Shihab","family":"Mostafa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics Shahjalal University of Science and Technology  Sylhet Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-3398-6907","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdullah Al","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics Shahjalal University of Science and Technology  Sylhet Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techsoc.2021.101640"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","first-page":"171","article-title":"Computer Users at Risk: Health Disorders Associated With Prolonged Computer Use","volume":"2","author":"Ellahi A.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Business Management and Economics"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4066\/biomedicalresearch.61-18-418"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","volume-title":"Prevalence of Repetitive Strain Injury, Visual Disorders and Stress Among Information Technology Professionals in Bangalore City Rajiv","author":"Ashwini M.","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.14937"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21608\/mjcu.2019.85230"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-016-1962-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3329\/fmcj.v10i1.27923"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_14_10_1","first-page":"128","article-title":"Understanding and Preventing Computer Vision Syndrome","volume":"3","author":"Loh K.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Malaysian Family Physician: The Official Journal of the Academy of Family Physicians of Malaysia"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICU.0b013e3283654db2"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18203\/2394-6040.ijcmph20202448"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/4107590"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_14_14_1","first-page":"312","article-title":"Prevalence of Computer Vision Syndrome Among Information Technology Professionals Working in Chennai","volume":"11","author":"Arumugam S.","year":"2014","journal-title":"World Journal of Medical Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4038\/jccpsl.v30i4.8742"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_340_20"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_14_17_1","first-page":"3568","article-title":"Risk Factors for Computer Visual Syndrome (CVS) Among Operators of Two Call Centers in S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil","volume":"41","author":"Soares M. 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