{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T06:03:01Z","timestamp":1784268181009,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777939200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777939200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Challenges"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Self\u2010immolation is a neglected public health and social problem in South Asia. This review focuses on epidemiological patterns, sociodemographic characteristics, motives, and psychosocial correlates associated with self\u2010immolation in South Asian countries. A narrative review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, BanglaJOL, and Google. A search for original peer\u2010reviewed studies, published in English between 1990 and 2024, on self\u2010immolation in eight South Asian countries, yielded a total of 11 studies. Six studies were from India; no study from Bangladesh, Bhutan, Maldives, and Nepal was found. The studies\u2019 sample sizes varied considerably (single case report to 260 participants). Self\u2010immolation was mostly likely among females between age 16 and 30 years. Oppression, abuse, and physical violence by family members were the most commonly motives of female self\u2010immolators. Kerosene and open flames were the most frequently used means. Fatality rates ranged from 70% to 100%. Studies are warranted to explore the psychological, cultural, and human rights\u2010violations factors contributing to female self\u2010immolation and to identify female\u2010centered and culture\u2010 and human\u2010rights\u2010grounded preventive strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/puh2.70268","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T15:10:27Z","timestamp":1777993827000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Self\u2010Immolation in South Asia: Epidemiology, Motives, and Sociocultural Contexts"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0521-5708","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S. M. Yasir","family":"Arafat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Bangladesh Specialized Hospital  Dhaka Bangladesh"},{"name":"Department of Public and Community Health Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Frontier University Garowe  Garowe Somalia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-3236-7205","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sadeed","family":"Hossain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Research Foundation  Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1107-3021","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sujita Kumar","family":"Kar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry King George's Medical University  Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15171\/ijmr.2016.11"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","unstructured":"WHO.Suicide data(WHO 2025).https:\/\/www.who.int\/teams\/mental\u2010health\u2010and\u2010substance\u2010use\/data\u2010research\/suicide\u2010data."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BCR.0b013E31802C8878"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2011.02.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2019.08.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2019.05.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-99-9153-2_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","unstructured":"World Bank World Bank Country and Lending Groups\u2014World Bank Data Help Desk(World Bank 2023) https:\/\/datahelpdesk.worldbank.org\/knowledgebase\/articles\/906519\u2010world\u2010bank\u2010country\u2010and\u2010lending\u2010groups."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","unstructured":"World Bank World Bank Open Data(World Bank 2023) https:\/\/data.worldbank.org."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0305\u20104179(02)00235\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp0801340"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905\u2010025\u201004028\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","volume-title":"Suicide Risk Assessment and Prevention","author":"Canetto S.","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780429460494-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2009.06.212"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","first-page":"108","article-title":"The Psychology of Self\u2010Immolation in India","volume":"34","author":"Mahla V. P.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2013.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600\u20100447.1998.tb09966.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0305\u20104179(98)00138\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjo.2024.651"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","first-page":"107","article-title":"Epidemiology and Outcome of Self\u2010Inflicted Burns at Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad","volume":"3","author":"Saaiq M.","year":"2014","journal-title":"World Journal of Plastic Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4038\/cmj.v56i4.3906"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0305\u20104179(02)00047\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2008.1192"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BCR.0b013e31817112f1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2017.08.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2014.07.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1788"}],"container-title":["Public Health Challenges"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/puh2.70268","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/puh2.70268","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/puh2.70268","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T05:08:47Z","timestamp":1784264927000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/puh2.70268"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/puh2.70268"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/puh2.70268","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2769-2450","2769-2450"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2769-2450","type":"print"},{"value":"2769-2450","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-11-17","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-23","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-05","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70268"}}