{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T18:01:03Z","timestamp":1790791263902,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786492800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786492800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Challenges"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Zoonotic diseases with epidemic potential pose a serious public health threat in Sierra Leone, where the One Health (OH) approach has been adopted to strengthen multi\u2010sectoral preparedness and response. This study assessed the operationalization of OH in responding to such diseases at the central level and in two districts, Kambia and Kailahun, using content analysis of semi\u2010structured interviews, focus group discussions and key documents. Manifest and latent analysis generated themes, including coordination and collaboration, surveillance and reporting, human resource capacity, communication, funding, and community engagement and awareness. Our study found that at the central level, OH sectors showed strong coordination, a functional surveillance system, established communication platforms and relatively strong capacity. District and community levels, by contrast, showed weak coordination, fragmented surveillance and limited communication, along with low animal health (AH) workforce capacity and OH awareness. Community level AH workers lacked an integrated approach to preventing, detecting and reporting zoonotic disease risks. Across all levels, OH activities lacked dedicated funding and relied solely on partner support, with the AH sector facing notable workforce shortages. OH, implementation was markedly weaker at district and community levels than at the central level, a disparity largely attributable to the absence of dedicated funding. Despite these gaps, the OH approach holds considerable potential for mitigating and managing zoonotic disease risks in Sierra Leone.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/puh2.70338","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T17:21:22Z","timestamp":1786555282000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Qualitative Assessment of One Health Operationalization at the Central Level and in Two Border Districts of Sierra Leone"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0829-7545","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph","family":"Anderson Bunting\u2010Graden","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Public Health Agency  Freetown Sierra Leone"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatmata","family":"Sawaneh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Public Health Agency  Freetown Sierra Leone"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-1295-1537","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alhassan","family":"Mayei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics School of Public Health Njala University  Bo Sierra Leone"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monya","family":"Konneh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"West African One Health Njala University  Bo Sierra Leone"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-7289-2831","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick","family":"Fatoma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics School of Public Health Njala University  Bo Sierra Leone"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Komba Finoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics School of Public Health Njala University  Bo Sierra Leone"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lily","family":"Kainwo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Public Health Agency  Freetown Sierra Leone"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wesen","family":"Konteh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Programme Support to Pandemic Prevention in the ECOWAS Region (RPPP) Deutsche Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH  Freetown Sierra Leone"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mukeh","family":"Kenneth Fahnbulleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Public Health Agency  Freetown Sierra Leone"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klaere","family":"Heyden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Programme Support to Pandemic Prevention in the ECOWAS Region (RPPP) Deutsche Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH  Freetown Sierra Leone"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Alex Vandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Public Health Agency  Freetown Sierra Leone"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9816-4502","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Foday","family":"Sahr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Public Health Agency  Freetown Sierra Leone"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adel","family":"Hussein Elduma Abdalla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sierra Leone Field Epidemiology Training Program (SLFETP) African Field Epidemiology Network (AFENET)  Freetown Sierra Leone"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rashid","family":"Ansumana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medical Sciences Njala University  Bo Sierra Leone"},{"name":"School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine Tulane University  New Orleans Louisiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kinley","family":"Wangdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HEAL Global Health Centre Health Research Institute Faculty of Health University of Canberra  Bruce Australian Capital Territory Australia"},{"name":"National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health ANU College of Law Governance and Policy The Australian National University  Acton Australian Capital Territory Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6834-1456","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philip P.","family":"Mshelbwala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development  Orange New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"School of Veterinary Science The University of Queensland  Gatton Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmr.IJMR_2971_20"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)01595-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.109297"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61678-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06536"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_1","unstructured":"World Bank People Pathogens and Our Planet: Volume One: Towards a One Health Approach for Controlling Zoonotic Diseases Report No. 50833\u2010GLB (World Bank 2010)."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-12619-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_1","volume-title":"One Health: The Human\u2010Animal\u2010Environment Interfaces in Emerging 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