{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T14:56:40Z","timestamp":1790607400582,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Challenges"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global health problem that threatens the effective treatment of bacterial infections.\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    is widely used as an indicator organism for monitoring AMR because it circulates among humans, animals, food, and the environment. As resistance to many commonly used antibiotics has increased, colistin has been reintroduced as a last\u2010resort treatment for severe infections caused by multidrug\u2010resistant Gram\u2010negative bacteria. The discovery of plasmid\u2010mediated colistin resistance genes (\n                    <jats:italic>mcr<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) has raised serious concern, as these genes can spread easily between bacteria. This narrative review synthesizes findings from 28 selected studies published up to 2025, covering more than 36,000\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates collected from human, animal, food, and environmental sources across different regions of the world.\n                    <jats:italic>mcr<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010positive\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    were most commonly reported in livestock and meat products, with moderate occurrences in environmental samples and generally lower prevalence in human clinical isolates, although direct comparisons are limited by substantial study heterogeneity. These findings suggest that food\u2010producing animals and contaminated environments represent important reservoirs of colistin resistance, whereas human exposure may occur through indirect pathways, although prevalence data alone cannot establish transmission directionality. Even with restrictions on colistin use in animal production and improved antimicrobial stewardship in many countries,\n                    <jats:italic>mcr<\/jats:italic>\n                    genes persist due to factors like environmental contamination and co\u2010selection with other resistance genes. This persistence is influenced by environmental contamination, the presence of other resistance genes on the same plasmids, and global trade of food products. The available evidence underscores that colistin resistance cannot be effectively addressed within a single sector. A coordinated One Health approach that integrates human health, animal production, and environmental management is essential to limit the further spread of\n                    <jats:italic>mcr<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010mediated colistin resistance and to preserve the clinical value of this critical antibiotic.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/puh2.70376","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T02:21:46Z","timestamp":1789525306000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["<i>mcr<\/i>\n                    \u2010Mediated Colistin Resistance in\n                    <i>Escherichia coli<\/i>\n                    : A One Health Review of Reported Prevalence Across Human, Animal, Food, and Environmental Sectors"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8093-2552","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ferdous\u2010Ul\u2010Haque","family":"Joy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy United International University  Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tashfiya Zaman","family":"Mouree","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Atish Dipankar University of Science and Technology  Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Munny","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Atish Dipankar University of Science and Technology  Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asma","family":"Kabir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Atish Dipankar University of Science and Technology  Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_15_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3934\/microbiol.2018.3.482"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_15_3_1","first-page":"277","article-title":"The Antibiotic Resistance Crisis","volume":"40","author":"Ventola C. 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