{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T14:56:47Z","timestamp":1790607407123,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Challenges"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is more frequent among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PLHIV), in whom immunosuppression favors reactivation. However, data from sub\u2010Saharan Africa remain limited. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of LTBI and identify its associated factors among adults living with HIV in Kinshasa.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      An analytical cross\u2010sectional study was conducted between May 2022 and October 2025 in nine HIV care centers in Kinshasa. Adult HIV\u2010positive patients were consecutively recruited. LTBI was screened using the tuberculin skin test (TST) and\/or interferon\u2010gamma release assays (IGRAs). Socio\u2010demographic, clinical, and immunological data, including CD4 cell counts, were collected. Associated factors were identified using multivariate logistic regression at a significance level of\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 248 participants, 74.7% were women. The mean age was 45.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a010.7 years, and the median CD4 count was 321 cells\/\u00b5L (IQR: 281\u2013390). Overall, 25.8% were IGRA\u2010positive and 30.6% TST\u2010positive, with 38.3% indeterminate IGRA results. The main factors associated with LTBI were CD4 count &lt;200 cells\/\u00b5L (IGRA: adjusted odds ratio [aOR]\u00a0=\u00a03.34; TST: aOR\u00a0=\u00a03.64), history of positive TST (IGRA: aOR\u00a0=\u00a02.50; TST: aOR\u00a0=\u00a02.78), and contact with an active TB case (IGRA: aOR\u00a0=\u00a02.94).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prevalence of LTBI among adults living with HIV in Kinshasa is high. Severe immunosuppression, prior exposure, and contact with active TB cases are key determinants. These findings highlight the importance of screening and preventive therapy to reduce progression to active tuberculosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/puh2.70380","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T01:40:38Z","timestamp":1789522838000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Latent Tuberculosis and Associated Factors Among Adults Living With HIV in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo: A Cross\u2010Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Mutambayi","family":"Kadima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biology University of Kinshasa  Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo"},{"name":"Immunology and Microbiology Department Institute of Traditional Medicine Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences  Dar es Salaam United Republic of Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1403-8451","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aliocha Natuhoyila","family":"Nkodila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine and Primary Health Care Protestant University in Congo  Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pascal Tshindele","family":"Lutumba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tropical Medicine University of Kinshasa  Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean\u2010Ren\u00e9 Kabangu","family":"M'buyamba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine University of Kinshasa  Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Placide Kingebeni","family":"Mbala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biology University of Kinshasa  Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeremie Masidi","family":"Muwonga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biology University of Kinshasa  Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3646-7249","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marie\u2010Joelle Sifa","family":"Muchanga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of International Trials Kokuritsu Kokusai Iryo Kenkyu Center Byoin Kokyuki Naika  Shinjuku City Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6836-8704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Mukadi\u2010Bamuleka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biology University of Kinshasa  Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo"},{"name":"Institut National de Recherche Biom\u00e9dicale, INRB  Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo"},{"name":"Rodolphe M\u00e9rieux INRB\u2010Goma Laboratory  Goma Democratic Republic of the Congo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie\u2010Jos\u00e9 Bajani","family":"Kabedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biology University of Kinshasa  Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mecky Isaac","family":"Matee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology and Microbiology Department Institute of Traditional Medicine Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences  Dar es Salaam United Republic of Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean Marie Ntumba","family":"Kayembe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine University of Kinshasa  Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2025.100585"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.54394\/CJQU6666"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","first-page":"22","article-title":"Latent Tuberculosis Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus Positive Patients: Prevalence and Correlates","volume":"39","author":"Yitbarek G. 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