{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T07:57:21Z","timestamp":1790668641919,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Challenges"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Food insecurity and malnutrition remain major public health concerns among adolescents in low\u2010 and middle\u2010income countries. Adolescence is a critical period for growth and development, yet school\u2010going adolescents remain underrepresented in nutrition research and policy in Pakistan. This study aimed to assess household food insecurity, nutritional status, and their association among school\u2010going adolescents in peri\u2010urban South Punjab.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This cross\u2010sectional study included 384 school\u2010going adolescents aged 15\u201318 years from public and private schools in peri\u2010urban Lodhran district, South Punjab, Pakistan. Household food access was assessed using the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS), and nutritional status was classified using WHO BMI\u2010for\u2010age (BAZ) and height\u2010for\u2010age (HAZ)\n                      <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010scores. Data were collected using a pretested, interviewer\u2010administered questionnaire. Associations were examined using chi\u2010square and Fisher's exact tests, multivariable logistic regression (adjusted for age, sex, school type, family size, socioeconomic score, and school grade) for the continuous HFIAS score, and Benjamini\u2013Hochberg correction for multiple comparisons.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The mean age was 16.6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.1 years, and 207 (53.9%) were female. Overall, 365 households (95.1%, 95% CI 92.4%\u201396.8%) were severely food insecure. Thinness was observed in 131 adolescents (34.1%, 95% CI 29.6%\u201339.0%), stunting in 107 (27.9%, 95% CI 23.6%\u201332.6%), and overweight\/obesity in 35 (9.1%, 95% CI 6.6%\u201312.4%). Overall HFIAS categories were not significantly associated with stunting, thinness, or overweight\/obesity. After correction for multiple comparisons, four individual HFIAS experience domains remained robustly associated with thinness specifically, and in multivariable analysis, a higher continuous HFIAS score was independently associated with greater odds of thinness (aOR 1.056, 95% CI 1.009\u20131.104,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.019).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>School\u2010going adolescents in peri\u2010urban South Punjab experienced a very high burden of severe household food insecurity alongside substantial thinness, stunting, and overweight\/obesity. These findings support adolescent\u2010focused food security screening, school\u2010based nutrition interventions, and locally targeted policies aligned with Sustainable Development Goal 2.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/puh2.70393","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T07:34:45Z","timestamp":1790667285000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Severe Household Food Insecurity and Malnutrition Among School\u2010Going Adolescents in South Punjab, Pakistan: Implications for Sustainable Development Goal 2 (A Cross\u2010Sectional Study)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-2456-6242","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rameesha","family":"Shauket","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Registered Dietitian Nutritionist\u2014Armed Forces Post Graduate Medical Institute National University of Medical Sciences  Rawalpindi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8275-5713","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Inibehe Ime","family":"Okon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research Medical Research Circle (MedReC)  Bukavu D. R. Congo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-3069-3802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saira","family":"Maroof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Quetta Institute of Medical Sciences National University of Medical Sciences  Quetta Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"FAO Thre State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2024 Executive Summary(FAO 2024) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4060\/cd1254en.","DOI":"10.4060\/cd1254en"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","unstructured":"FAO Anticipatory Action: Annual Report 2023(FAO 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