{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T05:48:53Z","timestamp":1791524933779,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791417600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791417600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000200","name":"United States Agency for International Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000200","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000199","name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000199","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000774","name":"Defense Threat Reduction Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000774","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003605","name":"Korea International Cooperation Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003605","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Challenges"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Zoonotic diseases pose risks to human, animal, and ecosystem health; effective management relies on coordinated actions across sectors. Although One Health principles promote collaboration across sectors, operational tools for multisectoral risk assessment (RA) are lacking. Therefore, the Tripartite (FAO, WHO, and WOAH) developed the first\u2010ever One Health operational tool for Joint Risk Assessment (JRA\u2010OT), with inputs from 15 pilot countries and international experts. This article describes how information from pilots in Indonesia, the United Republic of Tanzania, and Georgia contributed to informing co\u2010development of the final JRA process and tool.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Three in\u2010person meetings with international RA and zoonotic disease experts with a One Health background were convened in Rome, Italy, to co\u2010develop the methodology (November 2017, September 2018) and incorporate pilot feedback (February 2020). Development criteria included a standard, systematic, qualitative, and multisectoral RA process, facilitating incorporation of expert opinion and sector\u2010specific RA results. The pilot workshops described here were conducted in Indonesia (March 2018), the United Republic of Tanzania (March 2019), and Georgia (July 2019), and feedback was incorporated iteratively into the JRA\u2010OT by a Tripartite Secretariat.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These pilot workshops demonstrated JRA's utility and provided critical information for improvements. Key findings included the (1) value of policy\u2010level risk framing, (2) importance of political will, (3) need for subnational engagement, (4) importance of including all relevant sectors, and (5) necessity of clear, stepwise guidance to facilitate efficient collaboration and support training of national trainers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Co\u2010development of the JRA using country pilots and expert consultations allowed for field\u2010testing and iterative improvement of the tool, ensuring incorporation of user requirements, robust methodology for the joint, multisectoral assessment of national zoonotic disease risks, and ownership by the different sectors. The process serves as a model for co\u2010development of other multisectoral operational tools.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/puh2.70398","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T04:49:11Z","timestamp":1791521351000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Iterative Co\u2010Development of the Tripartite Joint Risk Assessment Operational Process and Tool Through Incorporating Information From Pilots in Indonesia, the United Republic of Tanzania, and Georgia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9548-9675","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Mumford","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine University of Surrey  Guildford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaylee","family":"Errecaborde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Health Organization  Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kachen","family":"Wongsathapornchai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0069-5025","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryan","family":"Aguanno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guillaume","family":"Belot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Health Organization  Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-8762-0414","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dana","family":"Cole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service  Fort Collins Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vasily","family":"Esenamanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Emergencies Hub for the South Caucasus WHO Regional Office for Europe  Tbilisi Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7000-0530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dirk","family":"Pfeiffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Applied One Health Research and Policy Advice City University of Hong Kong  Kowloon Hong Kong SAR P. R. China"},{"name":"Royal Veterinary College  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ong\u2010orn","family":"Prasarnphanich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Health Organization  Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-9114-8559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xavier","family":"Roche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ismaila","family":"Seck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tieble","family":"Traore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa\u2014Dakar Emergency Hub  Dakar Senegal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Endang","family":"Wulandari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Health Organization Indonesia Country Office  Jakarta Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3038-1102","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sophie","family":"von Dobschuetz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Health Organization  Geneva Switzerland"},{"name":"Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","volume-title":"Taking a Multisectoral, One Health Approach: A Tripartite Guide to Addressing Zoonotic Diseases in Countries","author":"World Health Organization, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, World Organisation for Animal Health","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","volume-title":"Joint External Evaluation Tool","author":"WHO","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","volume-title":"The Tripartite's Commitment: Providing Multi\u2010Sectoral, Collaborative Leadership in Addressing Health Challenges","author":"Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, World Health Organization, World Organisation for Animal Health","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","volume-title":"Rapid Risk Assessment of Acute Public Health Events","author":"WHO","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","volume-title":"Import Risk Analysis, Chapter 2.1, Terrestrial Animal Health Code","author":"WOAH","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"FAO Technical Guidelines on Rapid Risk Assessment for Animal Health Threats FAO Animal Production and Health Guidelines No. 24 (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 2021) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4060\/cb3187en.","DOI":"10.4060\/cb3187en"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0956\u20107135(93)90249\u2010N"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","volume-title":"Joint Risk Assessment Operational Tool (JRA OT): An Operational Tool of the \u2018Tripartite zoonoses Guide\u2019: Taking a Multisectoral, One Health Approach: A Tripartite Guide to Addressing Zoonotic Diseases in Countries","author":"World Health Organization, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, World Organisation for Animal Health","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","volume-title":"International Health Regulations (2005)","author":"WHO","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","volume-title":"Joint Risk Assessment of Avian Influenza Subtype H9N2 Transmission in Live Bird Market and Layer Farms in East Java Province","author":"Setiaji G.","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","volume-title":"Strengthening Cross\u2010Sector Collaboration: Implementing Joint Risk Assessment (JRA) for Prevention and Control of Zoonotic Diseases in One Health Approach","author":"Wulandari E.","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","volume-title":"Implementation of One Health Approach in Tanzania: Strengths and Challenges","author":"Vianney J. 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