{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T15:46:56Z","timestamp":1791733616817,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791676800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791676800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Challenges"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Health systems in low\u2010 and middle\u2010income countries (LMICs) continue to face persistent challenges related to health worker performance and quality of care, exacerbated by a global shortage of nurses. Financial incentive strategies (FIS), which include performance\u2010based financing, bonuses and allowances, are extensively implemented as mechanisms to enhance the motivation and individual performance of health workers, including nurses. Nevertheless, the effects of these strategies exhibit considerable variability and are highly contingent upon specific contextual factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We aim to synthesise evidence on how FIS are designed and implemented in LMICs to examine how nurse motivation and individual performance are defined and measured and to identify the underlying theoretical assumptions through which FIS may influence nurses\u2019 motivation and individual performance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We adopted the scoping review methodology following guidance from Arksey and O'Malley and the Joanna Briggs Institute and PRISMA\u2010ScR reporting standards. The search will cover studies published from 2000 onwards in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and PsycINFO, with additional grey literature. Two reviewers will independently screen studies and extract data, with discrepancies resolved by a third reviewer. Data will be charted using a standardised form. Findings will be synthesised through narrative analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This review will provide a comprehensive overview of FIS in LMICs, including their design and implementation features, whilst focussing on the underlying mechanisms by which FIS interventions improve the motivation and performance of nurses in LMICs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This scoping review aims to map the existing evidence in LMICs on FIS\u2010targeting nurses, its aspects and their relationship with motivation and individual performance and explores the theoretical assumptions of this relationship.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The findings are expected to address a significant evidence gap concerning nurse\u2010specific workforce interventions in LMICs and to inform ongoing health policy reforms aimed at improving and sustaining motivation, retention and care delivery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/puh2.70404","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T15:35:21Z","timestamp":1791732921000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Unpacking the Role of Financial Incentives in the Motivation and Individual Performance of Nurses in LMICs: A Scoping Review Protocol"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-8543-7758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdellah","family":"Selmi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mohammed VI International School of Public Health Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences (UM6SS)  Casablanca Morocco"},{"name":"Public Health &amp; Management Department Mohammed VI Center for Research and Innovation (CM6RI)  Rabat Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-1053-7193","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diallo","family":"Djibrine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mohammed VI International School of Public Health Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences (UM6SS)  Casablanca Morocco"},{"name":"Public Health &amp; Management Department Mohammed VI Center for Research and Innovation (CM6RI)  Rabat Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0115-682X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zakaria","family":"Belrhiti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mohammed VI International School of Public Health Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences (UM6SS)  Casablanca Morocco"},{"name":"Public Health &amp; Management Department Mohammed VI Center for Research and Innovation (CM6RI)  Rabat Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140\u20106736(18)31668\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgph.0002355"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","volume-title":"State of the World's Nursing 2025: Investing in Education, Jobs, Leadership and Service Delivery","author":"WHO","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","volume-title":"Our Nurses, Our Future: The Economic Power of Care","author":"Stewart D.","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12960\u2010020\u201000522\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nop2.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","first-page":"87","article-title":"Inequality in Health Care Services in Urban and Rural Settings in South Africa","volume":"27","author":"Ngene N.","year":"2023","journal-title":"African Journal of Reproductive Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3402\/gha.v9.31068"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nursrep16040116"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","unstructured":"H.Thi H.Nguyen S.Gopalan et\u00a0al. 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