{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T03:52:36Z","timestamp":1791604356236,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791504000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791504000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Challenges"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n National estimates in Somaliland report a modern contraceptive prevalence rate (mCPR) of 1%\u20133%, yet localized urban data are scarce. This study assessed mCPR, unmet need for family planning (FP), and sociodemographic determinants among mothers in Borama, Somaliland.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n A community\u2010based cross\u2010sectional study was conducted among 426 mothers with children under five using multistage cluster sampling (October\u2013November 2025). Data were collected via structured interviews. Multivariate logistic regression with robust standard errors was performed to identify factors associated with contraceptive use, reported as adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n The mCPR was 18.5%, and unmet need was 17.4%, resulting in a total demand of 35.9%. Injectables (42%) and oral pills (30%) were the most common methods. The strongest predictor of use was postpartum counseling by health workers (AOR\u00a0=\u00a018.62,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0<\u00a00.001) and family members (AOR\u00a0=\u00a06.30,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0<\u00a00.001). University education (AOR\u00a0=\u00a02.80,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a00.034) and business ownership (AOR\u00a0=\u00a02.68,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a00.005) also independently predicted use. Model diagnostics, including Hosmer\u2013Lemeshow and variance inflation factor (VIF), confirmed appropriate fit and absence of significant multicollinearity.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Contraceptive use in Borama exceeds national estimates but remains low by regional standards. Postpartum counseling serves as a critical gateway to uptake. Policy considerations may include strengthening immediate postpartum counseling and community\u2010based FP advocacy targeting husbands and mothers\u2010in\u2010law to address sociocultural barriers.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/puh2.70414","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T03:25:36Z","timestamp":1791602736000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Factors Associated With Modern Contraceptive Use and Unmet Need for Family Planning Among Mothers in Borama, Somaliland: Community\u2010Based Cross\u2010Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Nimao Hussein","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Health Sciences School of Medicine and Surgery Amoud University Borama Somalia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bushra Aidarus","family":"Abdullahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Health Sciences School of Medicine and Surgery Amoud University Borama Somalia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ubah Osman","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Health Sciences School of Medicine and Surgery Amoud University Borama Somalia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-8956-9149","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mustafe Mohamed","family":"Abdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Health Sciences School of Medicine and Surgery Amoud University Borama Somalia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-4425-5134","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Omer Abdulkadir","family":"Osman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Health Sciences School of Medicine and Surgery Amoud University Borama Somalia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdiladiif Mawlid","family":"Muuse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Health Sciences School of Medicine and Surgery Amoud University Borama Somalia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2389-8717","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed Said","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Health Sciences School of Medicine and Surgery Amoud University Borama Somalia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_15_2_1","unstructured":"World Bank Group Contraceptive Prevalence Modern Methods (% of Females Ages 15\u201349). (World Bank Group) 2025 https:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/indicator\/SP.DYN.CONU.ZS."},{"key":"e_1_2_15_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. B.Alam M. A.Billah S. J.Khanam I. Y.Khalif &M. N.Khan (2025).Unmet contraception need among married women in somalia: Findings from the first national health and demographic survey. Plos one 20(8) e0329491.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0329491"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_4_1","unstructured":"WHO Proportion of Women of Reproductive Age Who Have Their Need for Family Planning Satisfied With Modern Methods (%)(WHO) 2025."},{"key":"e_1_2_15_5_1","unstructured":"WHO Family Planning\/Contraception Methods(WHO) 2025."},{"key":"e_1_2_15_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978\u2010022\u201001332\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978\u2010021\u201001089\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Y.Mekonnen D. S.Telake andA.Ababa \u201cFrom Rapid Gains to Stalling: Two Decades of Modern Contraceptive Prevalence Rate in Ethiopia \u201d preprint medRxiv November 25 2025.","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.11.23.25340840"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen\u20102022\u2010066432"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fgwh.2021.669760"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_15_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4755-11-21","article-title":"Barriers to Male Involvement in Contraceptive Uptake and Reproductive Health Services: A Qualitative Study of Men and Women's Perceptions in Two Rural Districts in Uganda","volume":"11","author":"Kabagenyi A.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Reproductive Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_12_1","unstructured":"Directorate of National Statistics Federal Government of Somalia The Somali Health and Demographic Survey 2020. Mogadishu Somalia: Directorate of National Statistics Federal Government of Somalia;2020. Available from:www.dns.org.so"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0329491"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"E.Yurtsev E.D\u00f6nmez M. T.U\u00e7ar Y. M.Jama &T.Ortaba\u011f (2026).Knowledge and Attitudes Toward Family Planning Among Married Women Living in a Fragile Conflict\u2010Affected Setting: Insights From Mogadishu. Clinical and Experimental Obstetrics & Gynecology 53(1).","DOI":"10.31083\/CEOG45143"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_15_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Pregnant and Powerless: Exploring Barriers to Contraceptive Use Among Women in Mogadishu, Somalia","volume":"9","author":"Gele A. A.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Health Services Research and Managerial Epidemiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978\u2010024\u201001786\u20101"}],"container-title":["Public Health Challenges"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/puh2.70414","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/puh2.70414","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/puh2.70414","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T03:25:42Z","timestamp":1791602742000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/puh2.70414"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/puh2.70414"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/puh2.70414","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2769-2450","2769-2450"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2769-2450","type":"print"},{"value":"2769-2450","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-05-20","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-01","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-09","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70414"}}