{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T14:46:13Z","timestamp":1791989173524,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791936000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791936000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Challenges"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Childhood immunization is among the most cost\u2010effective public health strategies for reducing under\u2010five morbidity and mortality. However, full immunization coverage for age remains suboptimal in many low\u2010 and middle\u2010income countries due to factors related to caregivers, children, health systems, and sociocultural contexts. The study aimed to assess the prevalence of full immunization for age and identify its associated determinants across multiple domains.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A community\u2010based cross\u2010sectional study was conducted among 364 caregiver\u2013child pairs. Full immunization for age was the outcome variable. Data were collected using a structured interviewer\u2010administered questionnaire assessing sociodemographic characteristics, child factors, caregiver knowledge and perceptions, access to health services, and attitudes and practices. Chi\u2010square tests identified associations, and variables significant at\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05 were entered into multivariable logistic regression models to determine independent predictors.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, 261 children (71.7%) were fully immunized for age. Caregiver education was a strong predictor: children of caregivers with primary (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]\u00a0=\u00a03.91), secondary (AOR\u00a0=\u00a03.30), and tertiary education (AOR\u00a0=\u00a04.71) were significantly more likely to be fully immunized than those with no education. Rural residence increased the odds of full immunization (AOR\u00a0=\u00a03.23), as did household size \u22656 (AOR\u00a0=\u00a02.06). Older child age strongly predicted full immunization, particularly among children aged 12\u201317 months (AOR\u00a0=\u00a05.42) and 18\u201323 months (AOR\u00a0=\u00a06.83). Health facility delivery nearly quadrupled the likelihood of full immunization (AOR\u00a0=\u00a03.96). Reliance on non\u2010health worker information sources reduced uptake, whereas shorter travel time to facilities, regular community immunization sessions, intention for catch\u2010up vaccination (AOR\u00a0=\u00a08.74), and positive community advocacy significantly increased coverage.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Full immunization for age is shaped by caregiver education, child age, health service accessibility, and caregiver attitudes. Interventions should prioritize caregiver education, strengthen health\u2010worker\u2010led communication, promote facility\u2010based deliveries, and expand regular community immunization services to improve coverage.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/puh2.70421","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T13:57:31Z","timestamp":1791986251000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Determinants of Age\u2010Appropriate Childhood Immunization Uptake: A Cross\u2010Sectional Study of Caregiver, Child, Knowledge, Access, and Attitudinal Factors"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Aruwa Simon","family":"Ayigu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Health and Infectious Diseases Control Institute Nasarawa State University  Keffi Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen Olaide","family":"Aremu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Health and Infectious Diseases Control Institute Nasarawa State University  Keffi Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adamu Ishaku","family":"Akyala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Health and Infectious Diseases Control Institute Nasarawa State University  Keffi Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdillahi Abdi","family":"Barkhadle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rift Valley University  Jimma Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiab284"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines13050479"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jped.2022.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(24)00850\u2010X"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2019.1708669"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","volume-title":"Immunization Coverage","author":"World Health Organization 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