{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T10:14:48Z","timestamp":1768904088567,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,5]],"date-time":"2023-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688515200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pulm. circ."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>We present the case of a 78\u2010year\u2010old female undergoing pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA) because of suspected chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). During surgery firm black masses were encountered in the aortopulmonary window and on the cranial part of the right pulmonary artery (PA). After PA arteriotomy we visualized intraluminal black firm stenosing plaques at the orifices of the three right and of the left lingular and lower lobar branches. Since no dissection plane could be obtained the procedure was discontinued. Subsequent bronchoscopy visualized a submucosal dark black\u2010blue discoloration in both main bronchi. Pathological analysis revealed anthracofibrosis, which could be explained by biomass smoke exposure in the past. We are the first to provide intravascular pictures and pathologic images of this very rare entity. Moreover, we report stenoses at the orifices of the three right\u2010sided lobar and of the left\u2010sided lingular and lower lobe arteries, in contrast to three previous reports that report on single locations caused by extrinsic PA compression from lymphadenopathy. Our case, however, suggests extension of fibrosis with anthracotic pigment into the PA wall. We conclude that in the absence of a clear history of exposure to carbon smoke and with consequently no diagnostic bronchoscopy, anthracofibrosis of the lungs may mimic CTEPH not only by external compression but also by extension into pulmonary vascular structures. PEA\u2010surgery should not be attempted in these cases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/pul2.12263","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,6]],"date-time":"2023-07-06T05:05:05Z","timestamp":1688619905000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Anthracofibrosis mimicking chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Silke","family":"Van Genechten","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Surgery University Hospitals Leuven Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bart","family":"Meyns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Surgery University Hospitals Leuven Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laurent","family":"Godinas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pneumology University Hospitals Leuven Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Geert","family":"Maleux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology University Hospitals Leuven Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Everaerts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pneumology University Hospitals Leuven Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dieter","family":"Van Beersel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology University Hospitals Leuven Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catharina","family":"Belge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pneumology University Hospitals Leuven Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Birgit","family":"Weynand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology University Hospitals Leuven Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8394-9809","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marion","family":"Delcroix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pneumology University Hospitals Leuven Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1461-3986","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tom","family":"Verbelen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Surgery University Hospitals Leuven Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Anthracosis of the lungs: etiology, clinical manifestations and diagnosis: a review","volume":"13","author":"Mirsadraee M","year":"2014","journal-title":"Tanaffos"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","volume-title":"The structural and elemental composition of inhaled particles in ancient Eygptian mummified lungs","author":"Montgomerie R","year":"2013"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","first-page":"124","article-title":"Anthracosis in Iran, un\u2010answered questions","volume":"15","author":"Heidarnazhad H","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Iran Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.113.2.344"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2006.070243"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.08-0814"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.14.0787"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","article-title":"Pulmonary hypertension due to silicosis and right upper pulmonary artery occlusion with bronchial anthracofibrosis","volume":"34","author":"Yazaki K","year":"2021","journal-title":"Respir Med Case Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2008.11.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2045894019882620"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijri.IJRI_403_16"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/acs-2021-pte-12"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2012.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","first-page":"267","article-title":"A case of pulmonary artery bypass surgery for a patient with isolated Takayasu pulonary arteritis and a review of the literature","volume":"13","author":"Nakajima N","year":"2077","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"}],"container-title":["Pulmonary Circulation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/pul2.12263","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,7]],"date-time":"2024-03-07T12:12:07Z","timestamp":1709813527000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/pul2.12263"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/pul2.12263"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pul2.12263","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-8940","2045-8940"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-8940","type":"print"},{"value":"2045-8940","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-03-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-06-25","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-07-05","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e12263"}}