{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T11:21:34Z","timestamp":1790767294302,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,5]],"date-time":"2024-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720137600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pulm. circ."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Over 80 Mio people worldwide live &gt;2500\u2009m, including at least as many patients with pulmonary vascular disease (PVD), defined as pulmonary arterial or chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (PAH\/CTEPH), as elsewhere (estimated 0.1\u2030). Whether PVD patients living at high altitude have altered disease characteristics due to hypobaric hypoxia is unknown. In a cross\u2010sectional study conducted at the Hospital Carlos Andrade Marin in Quito, Ecuador, located at 2840\u2009m, we included 36 outpatients with PAH or CTEPH visiting the clinic from January 2022 to July 2023. We collected data on diagnostic right heart catheterization, treatment, and risk factors, including NYHA functional class (FC), 6\u2010min walk distance (6MWD), and NT\u2010brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) at baseline and at last follow\u2010up. Thirty\u2010six PVD patients (83% women, 32 PAH, 4 CTEPH, mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009SD age 44\u2009\u00b1\u200913 years, living altitude 2831\u2009\u00b1\u200958\u2009m) were included and had the following baseline values: PaO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    8.2\u2009\u00b1\u20091.6 kPa, PaCO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    3.9\u2009\u00b1\u20090.5 kPa, SaO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    91\u2009\u00b1\u20093%, mean pulmonary artery pressure 53\u2009\u00b1\u200916\u2009mmHg, pulmonary vascular resistance 16\u2009\u00b1\u20094 WU, 50% FC II, 50% FC III, 6MWD 472\u2009\u00b1\u2009118\u2009m, BNP 490\u2009\u00b1\u2009823\u2009ng\/L. Patients were treated for 1628\u2009\u00b1\u20091186 days with sildenafil (100%), bosentan (33%), calcium channel blockers (33%), diuretics (69%), and oxygen (nocturnal 53%, daytime 11%). Values at last visit were: FC (II 75%, III 25%), 6MWD of 496\u2009\u00b1\u2009108\u2009m, BNP of 576\u2009\u00b1\u20095774\u2009ng\/L. Compared to European PVD registries, ambulatory PVD patients living &gt;2500\u2009m revealed similar blood gases and relatively low and stable risk factor profiles despite severe hemodynamic compromise, suggesting that favorable outcomes are achievable for altitude residents with PVD. Future studies should focus on long\u2010term outcomes in PVD patients dwelling &gt;2500\u2009m.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/pul2.12404","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,5]],"date-time":"2024-07-05T06:40:21Z","timestamp":1720161621000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Characteristics and risk profiles of patients with pulmonary arterial or chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension living permanently at &gt;2500\u2009m of high altitude in Ecuador"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3751-3531","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Hoyos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Carlos Andrade Marin  Quito Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4485-1758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mona","family":"Lichtblau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonology University Hospital Zurich  Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Cajamarca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Carlos Andrade Marin  Quito Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Mayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonology University Hospital Zurich  Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8840-981X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esther Irene","family":"Schwarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonology University Hospital Zurich  Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Ulrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonology University Hospital Zurich  Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"38","key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"3618","article-title":"2022 ESC\/ERS Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension","volume":"43","author":"Humbert M","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Respir 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