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This retrospective cohort study describes baseline clinical variables by PAH etiology and estimates time from diagnosis to CW [all\u2010cause death, any\u2010cause hospitalization, or disease progression (decrease of \u2265\u200915% in 6MWD and need for additional PAH therapy or worsening of functional class (FC)] and time to death. 79 out of 102 participants developed CW and 38 died while under follow\u2010up. The most prevalent etiologies were PAH associated with schistosomiasis (PAH\u2010Sch), idiopathic (IPAH), with congenital heart disease (PAH\u2010CHD), and with connective tissue disease (PAH\u2010CTD). The overall median event\u2010free time to CW was 3.3 (95% CI, 2.3\u20134.6) years, which was similar across etiologies (log\u2010rank test: <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.12). WHO FC III\u2010IV, DLCO\u2009&lt;\u200970%, heart rate recovery in 1\u2009min after the 6\u2010min walk test (HRR1)\u2009&lt;\u200918 beats\/minute, and baseline mPAP \u2265\u200950\u2009mmHg were predictive of CW\u2010free time. The median time to all\u2010cause mortality was 10.2 (95% CI, 6.8 \u2013 &gt;\u200910) years and varied among etiologies (log\u2010rank test: <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Time to CW was statistically independent of PAH etiology but depended on baseline WHO FC, DLCO, HRR, and mPAP. After CW events, PAH\u2010Sch and PAH\u2010CTD survived less on average than IPAH and PAH\u2010CHD participants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/pul2.70086","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,27]],"date-time":"2025-04-27T16:23:19Z","timestamp":1745770999000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Morbidity and Mortality Associated With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in a Schistosomiasis\u2010Endemic Region of Brazil"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1779-0443","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo Amorim","family":"Correa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School, Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas, Pulmonary Vascular Diseases Section Federal University of Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camila Farnese","family":"Rezende","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas Federal University of Minas Gerais, Pulmonary Vascular Diseases Section Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eliane Viana","family":"Mancuzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School, Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas, Pulmonary Vascular Diseases Section Federal University of Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Mickael","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine University of Colorado Anschutz Medical, Campus Aurora Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camila M. 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